the history of five thousand years of human civilization (with only 292 years with no war) and the experiencesof the past two decades of our country shows that the enemies’ approach is based on strong air attack just inthe first month, and civilians bombarding begins if the spirit of national defense continues after two weeks.so the buildings in the cities are damaged in different ways by the a...

The TolC channel-tunnel spans the bacterial outer membrane and periplasm, providing a large exit duct for protein export and multidrug efflux when recruited by substrate-engaged inner membrane complexes. The sole constriction in the single pore of the homotrimeric TolC is the periplasmic tunnel entrance, which in its resting configuration is closed by dense packing of the 12 tunnel-forming alph...

Consider a three-dimensional homogeneous isotropic elastic solid containing a flat pressurized crack, fi. The problem of finding the resulting stress distribution can be reduced to a hypersingular integral equation over Q for the crack-opening displacement. Here, this equation is transformed into a similar equation over a circular region D, using a conformal mapping between Q and D. This new eq...

Elytra in beetles move actively, driven by their own muscles, only during transient opening and closing. The kinematics of these movements have been inadequately described, sometimes controversially. Our goal was a quantitative 3-D description of diverse active movements of the elytra, in terms of directions of the axes of elytra rotation. Broad opening and closing was video recorded in beetles...

A one-day old male camel calf was presented to the Al-Qattara Veterinary Hospital with complaints of abdominal straining and lack of defecation. On examination it was found that the calf had no tail, the posterior sacral margin was blunt and the anal opening was absent. The case was diagnosed as congenital anury with atresia ani. The animal was sedated with 0.1 mg/kg of xylazine administered in...

A hexagonal warping term has been proposed recently to explain the experimentally observed 2D equal energy contours of the surface states of the topological insulator Bi2Te3. Differing from the Dirac fermion Hamiltonian, the hexagonal warping term leads to the opening up of a band gap by an in-plane magnetization. We study the transmission between two Bi2Te3 segments subjected to different in-p...

Individual digit-tip forces and moments during torque production on a mechanically fixed circular object were studied. During the experiments, subjects positioned each digit on a 6-dimensional force/moment sensor attached to a circular handle and produced a maximum voluntary torque on the handle. The torque direction and the orientation of the torque axis were varied. From this study, it is con...