UNLABELLED Chronic stress may produce a decrease in central NPY expression and subjects exposed to it may prove hypersensitivity to a novel stressor with dysfunctions in the NPY system and cardiovascular maladaptation to stress, even hypertension. Upregulation of NPY expression may contribute to successful behavioral adaptation to stress by reducing cardiovascular tone and suppressing anxious b...

background: chronic pain depends on many physical and  psychological factors. the aim of this study was  to determine the relationship between anxiety and chronic pain in adult referring to health centers in yazd, iran.  methods: this descriptive study conducted on 397 adults aged between 31 and 87years. the depression, anxiety, stress scale -21(dass-21) was used to measure depression, anxiety ...