we sought to understand  whether,  how, and  why the translated journalistic texts  related  to  the  iranian  nuclear  negotiations  were manipulated. to this end,  we  monitored  a news agency’s webpage in a time span of 46 days that began 3 days before almaty i nuclear talks and ended  3  days  after  almaty  ii  talks.  monitoring  resulted  in  a  corpus  made  up  of  36  target  texts  p...

the most modern techniques in biotechnology owe their existence to the discovery of dna cloning and the genetic manipulation of organisms. however biotechnology is not new science in fact, many applications represent old practices with new methodologies. human have been used organisms for their benefit in many processes for several thousand years. therefore, one way of thinking about biotechnol...

Meiosis, a specialized cell division with a single cycle of DNA replication round and two consecutive rounds of nuclear segregation, allows for the exchange of genetic material between parental chromosomes and the formation of haploid gametes. The structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins aid manipulation of chromosome structures inside cells. Eukaryotic SMC complexes include cohesin,...

Malignant melanoma is frequently characterized by the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 (usually encompassing 6q16-q21). In an effort to saturate this region with DNA markers, microdissection and molecular cloning of DNA from banded human metaphases recent development of a novel chromosome microdissection scheme that omits microchemical manipulation of DNA. Microdissection was targeted o...

In order to construct a human chromosome 4-specific YAC library, we have utilized pYAC4 and a mouse/human hybrid cell line HA(4)A in which the only human chromosome present is chromosome 4. From this cell line, approximately 8Mb of chromosome 4 have been cloned. The library includes 65 human-specific clones that range in size from 30kb to 290kb, the average size being 108kb. In order to optimiz...

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells were suggested to be an important tool in transplantation medicine. However, they also play a major role in human genetics. Using the gene trap strategy, we have created a bank of clones with insertion mutations in human ES cells. These insertions occurred within known, predicted and unknown genes, and thus assist us in annotating the genes in the human genome. T...

Background: Esophagectomy is considered to be the main treatment for esophageal malignancies. Among the different methods, transhiatal approach can cause less damage to patients and is widely used however, manipulation of esophagus result in heart rate and blood pressure variations. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm during transhiatal esophagect...

Feasibility of chromosomal manipulation in mammalian cells was first reported 15 years ago. Although this technique is useful for precise understanding of gene regulation in the chromosomal context, a limited number of laboratories have used it in actual practice because of associated technical difficulties. To overcome the practical hurdles, we developed a Cre-mediated chromosomal recombinatio...