In this study, I present two Sabbatarian texts which were written in response to by Christian Francken. Based on the argumentation texts, try clarify writings German philosopher they responding to. offer an explanation of ferocity response, and reasons why Sabbatarians found it so important respond Francken’s ideas. My analysis shows persuasively that attacks related basic specific teachings Sa...

The integration between psychology and Christianity has been a hot issue for Christian counselors since mid 1970s. The movement of integration has been developed in reaction to the acceptance of psychology in the area of pastoral counseling without any criticism about psychology from the Christian viewpoint. Since Jay Adams totally rejected psychology in the area of pastoral care, the effort to...

Fritz Heider was a wanderer, someone who liked to survey and take the measure of whatever he encountered. In his formative years, he was a wanderer in the geographical sense — hiking in his beloved Austrian mountains and traveling throughout much of Europe. In his professional years, he was a wanderer in the intellectual sense — taking daily walks for the purpose of analyzing a difficult concep...

Bhaskar defines the philosopher differently: the philosopher observes the scientist, and sees that the scientist is able to expand knowledge about the world using the methods he is using. The philosopher concludes from this: obviously, the world is such that the methods applied by the scientists allow them to gain knowledge about it. This tells us something very important about the world. The p...

The Austrian philosopher Christian von Ehrenfels published his essay "On 'Gestalt Qualities'" in 1890. The essay initiated a current of thought which enjoyed a powerful position in the philosophy and psychology of the first half of this century and has more recently enjoyed a minor resurgence of interest in the area of cognitive science, above all in criticisms of the so-called 'strong programm...

Abstract The second-century philosopher Celsus disparaged Christians who “alter the original text of Gospel three or four many times” ( Cels. 2.27). Scholars have understood this passage as a critique multiple distinct Gospels, but Celsus’ invective is better explained by comparison with elite polemics (e.g., Gellius, Lucian, Galen) against readers lack discernment and arbitrarily alter manuscr...

INTRODUCTION AMONG the many Latin writings published under the name of Ramon Lull (c. 1235-c. 1316), the famous Majorcan Christian mystic, philosopher, and missionary, styled doctor illuminatus and sacer doctor, there are several that deal with the fabulous quinta essentia, the purest of essences, which was supposed to have the power to rejuvenate the old and to cure all kinds of diseases, incl...

The widespread assessment of the early period Semyon L. Frank’s work as being influenced by German Neo-Kantianism is in need a critical scrutiny. There are several reasons why Russian philosopher’s interest merits closer look. First, two systemic theories belonging to different trends exerted decisive influence on philosophy late nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Vladimir Solovyov’s school al...

We present a hybrid philosophical/psychological argument in defense of ‘free will.’ The builds on the proposals philosopher Christian List’sbook, Free will is real. show that List’s psychological account free – it requires ability to consider alternatives, make choice, and enact choice has already been proven, via research into goal functioning. Thus, real question is: ‘can we use our wisely?’ ...