The objective of this study was to determine choline chloride replacement effects by a vegetable source, compost Trachyspermum amni, Citrullus colocynthis, Achyranthus aspera, and Azadirachta indica in broiler feed. These compounds are fonts phosphatidylcholine, high-disponible molecule for intestinal absorption supply. A total 640 animals were randomly allocated completely randomized design, w...

The relatively low solubility of cellulose in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) restricts their practical application the production industry. Here, was slightly oxidized into dialdehyde (DAC) at first, and then partial chemical bonding introduced to intensify dissolution process (choline chloride-resorcinol) DES. In this process, DES increased 10-fold, crystallinity decrease...

α-Amino nitriles are synthesized in a one-pot, three-component coupling of aldehydes (or ketones), aniline, and trimethylsilyl cyanide using a catalytic amount of choline chloride.2ZnCl2 as a bio Lewis acidic ionic liquid. Mild Lewis acidic characteristic of this ionic liquid allows efficient synthesis of α-amino nitriles from acid sensitive aldehydes.

Choline is essential in diets fed to most young vertebrates, but previous studies did not confirm the essentiality of choline in diets fed to tilapia. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the essentiality of dietary choline in such diets. The basal diet used in both experiments contained 32 g crude protein/100 g diet (10.1 g crude protein from casein and gelatin, and 21.9 g from a crystal...

1. Choline acetyltransferase may be isolated in either a bound or soluble form after hypo-osmotic treatment of a crude synaptosome fraction, depending on the conditions. 2. In the bound form, the enzyme appears to be associated with the larger membrane fragments rather than with synaptic vesicles. 3. The bound form is predominant at slightly acid pH values and low ionic strength, the soluble fo...

The choline concentration used in the growth medium influences the density of mitochondria produced by the chol-1 mutant of Neurospora. Isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose gradients can be used to determine the density of mitochondria, and can resolve into two populations, mitochondria derived from a mixture of cells grown at low (1 pg/ml choline chloride) and high (10 #g/ml choline chloride) c...

Altered dietary choline availability early in life leads to persistent changes in spatial memory and hippocampal plasticity in adulthood. Developmental programming by early choline nutrition may determine the range of adult choline intake that is optimal for the types of neural plasticity involved in cognitive function. To test this, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a choline chloride d...

Hypertonic saline prevents vascular adherence of neutrophils and ameliorates ischemic tissue injury. We hypothesized that hypertonic saline attenuates N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated expression of adhesion molecules on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). fMLP-stimulated up-regulation of beta2-integrins was diminished by hypertonic saline but not by hypertonic c...

Fourteen patients with a variety of ataxic disorders were given choline chloride, double blind for six weeks, in an attempt to improve gait and manual dexterity. One patient withdrew before receiving the active drug, twelve patients showed no functional improvement, but one achieved greater mobility; his response, which was dose dependent, ceased when choline was stopped and was reproducible.

Propolis is a widely used medicine that may be found in both its pure form and when combined with othernatural ingredients over-the-counter preparations, cosmetics, health foods. Some customers develop alcohol sensitivity after using ethanol, which common solvent to extract propolis. As propolis solvents, various Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) were examined this study. Choline chloride,...