Secondary obstructive cholangiopathy is characterized by intra- or extrahepatic bile tract obstruction. Liver inflammation and structural alterations develop due to progressive bile stagnation. Most frequent etiologies are biliary atresia in children, and hepatolithiasis, postcholecystectomy bile duct injury, and biliary primary cirrhosis in adults, which causes chronic biliary cholangitis. Bil...

The biliary tree consists of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and is lined by biliary epithelial cells (or cholangiocytes). There are also peribiliary glands around the intrahepatic large bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts. The biliary tree is a conduit of bile secreted by hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells and also of the peribiliary glands and has several physiological roles...

While hepatic tuberculosis is rare, primary tubercular liver abscess (TLA) is a rarer condition even in endemic countries such as India. Liver abscess in portal cavernoma cholangiopathy (PCC) is predominantly pyogenic. A 14-year-old girl was found to have PCC with multiple liver abscesses. Persistent fever and development of neurological symptoms prompted further evaluation, and she was found t...

Portal biliopathy or portal cavernoma cholangiopathy refers to cholangiographic abnormalities, which occur in patients with portal cavernoma. These include shallow bile duct impressions and indentations causing wall irregularity, smooth strictures with upstream dilatation, and luminal filling defects (▶Fig. 1, ▶Fig. 2). These changes occur as a result of pressure on bile ducts from bridging tor...