This review analyses a recent advance in diabetes pharmacotherapeutics: the combination of insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP 1 RA). It describes the rationale for such a combination, and discusses the impact of such therapy on glycaemic control. The paper also assesses other benefits of the combination, and provides a practical framework for pragmatic, rational use of t...

Enteral nutrient is a potent glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretagogue. In vitro and animal studies indicate that GLP-1 has immune-modulatory and neuroprotective effects. To determine whether these immune-modulatory and neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 are beneficial in the critically ill, studies achieving pharmacological GLP-1 concentrations are warranted.

It is widely accepted that gastric parameters such as gastric distention provide a direct negative feedback signal to inhibit eating; moreover, gastric and intestinal signals have been reported to synergize to promote satiation. However, there are few human data exploring the potential interaction effects of gastric and intestinal signals in the short-term control of appetite and the secretion ...

BACKGROUND Insulinomas are rare tumors, in the majority of cases best treated by surgical resection. Preoperative localization of insulinoma is challenging. The more precise the preoperative localization the less invasive and safer is the resection. The purpose of the study is to check the impact of a new technique to localize insulinoma on the surgical strategy. FINDINGS We present exact pre...

Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastoma multiforme, are the most widely distributed and deadliest brain tumors because of their resistance to surgical and medical treatment. Research of glioma-specific bioconjugates for diagnosis and therapy developed rapidly during the past several years. Many studies have demonstrated that chlorotoxin (CTX) and Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin (BmK CT) ...

Nine female runners and ten walkers completed a 60 min moderate-intensity (70% VO(2)max) run or walk, or 60 min rest in counterbalanced order. Plasma concentrations of the orexogenic peptide ghrelin, anorexogenic peptides peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and appetite ratings were measured at 30 min interval for 120 min, followed by a free-choice meal. Both orexogenic and anore...

Modulation of sensory function can help animals adjust to a changing external and internal environment. Even so, mechanisms for modulating taste sensitivity are poorly understood. Using immunohistochemical, biochemical, and behavioral approaches, we found that the peptide hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor (GLP-1R) are expressed in mammalian taste buds. Furthermore, we fou...

Context: The combination of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been proposed as a potential treatment for diabetes and obesity. However, the combined effects of these hormones, PYY3–36 and GLP-17–36 amide,on glucose homeostasis are unknown. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of PYY3–36 and GLP-17–36 amide, individually and in combination, on insulin secretion and ...

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), approved as glucose-lowering drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, have also been shown to reduce body weight. An extensive Medline, Cochrane database, and Embase search for "exenatide," "liraglutide," "albiglutide," "semaglutide," and "lixisenatide" was performed, collecting all randomized clinical trials on humans up to December 15, ...

A series of analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was made replacing each amino acid with L-alanine to identify side-chain functional groups required for interaction with the GLP-1 receptor. In the case of L-alanine being the parent amino acid, substitution was made with the amino acid found in the corresponding position in glucagon. Binding assays were performed using the cloned rat GLP-1...