The thick permanent ice cover on the lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, inhibits spatial lake sampling due to logistical constraints of penetrating the ice cover. To date most sampling of these lakes has been made at only a few sites with the assumption that there is a spatial homogeneity of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the ice cover and the water column at any given...

—The vulnerability of the highly mobile tunas (family Scombridae) and billfishes (families Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae) to various fishing gears and detection by aerial surveys is influenced by their depth distributions, travel speeds, residency times, and aggregation. As a result, understanding the effects of the physical environment on fish behavior is critical for robust population assessmen...