Background: More than 90% of goods movement in Iran is done by road transport. A significant part these materials dangerous goods. Considering that chlorine gas considered a toxic and oxidizing substance, predicting the way release mortality due to accidental leakage can be crucial tool adopting preventive strategies. This study aims evaluate safety transportation analyze consequences its relea...

Residual chlorine loss due to UV sunlight in the chlorine disinfection contact basins (DCBs) was investigated at two full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Chlorine decay due to solar UV-induced photochemical reaction was found to be significant and had diurnal and seasonal variations. The total chlorine loss due to sunlight ranged from 19 to 26% of the total chlorine chemical use at t...

Chlorine is usually combined with inorganic compounds, such as sodium or calcium, to produce hypochlorites, which are effective disinfectants. Chlorine mixed with sodium is a liquid bleach known as sodium hypochlorite NaOCl. Chlorine mixed with calcium is usually in granular or tablet form and is called calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCL)2. Chlorine may also be available as chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Ho...

The chlorine loss of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water was examined during storage under different light, agitation, and packaging conditions. The chlorine loss of pH-adjusted EO water was also examined. Under open conditions, the chlorine loss through evaporation followed first-order kinetics. The rate of chlorine loss was increased about 5-fold with agitation, but it was not significantly aff...

The utility of chlorine residual and chlorine demand as a surrogate for microbial contamination in the water distribution system was evaluated. The chlorine demanded by and cell survival of pure culture suspensions of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Mycobacterium aurum were quantified in solutions with initial free chlorine concentrations of 0.20, 0.40, and 0.80 mg/L. The chlo...

Custard, Kyle David. PhD., Purdue University, May 2015. Studies of Arctic Halogen Chemistry from the Snowpack to the Gas Phase. Major Professor: Paul B. Shepson. The temporary depletion of both tropospheric ozone and gaseous mercury during the Arctic springtime has been a focus of active research over the past several decades. Both of these phenomena have been linked to chemical reactions with ...

Microbial Metabolization of Hexachlorocyclohexane, Anaerobic and Aerobic Microorganisms, De­ chlorination of Hexachlorocyclohexane Microbial degradation of lindane or other hexachlorocyclohexane isomers has been observed to occur more rapidly in flooded than in upland soils. Experiments with a mixed bacterial flora enrich­ ed anaerobically from soils showed a rapid dechlorination and degradatio...