1. Ammonium chloride is a poor uncoupler of photophosphorylation in subchloroplast particles. In the presence of valinomycin the inhibition of photophosphorylation by NH&l is greatly enhanced. 2. The enhancement of the ammonium chloride uncoupling of phosphorylation by valinomycin was less pronounced in chloroplasts than in subchloroplast particles. 3. The light-dependent uptake of ammonium ion...

Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement is a major factor adversely influencing the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The main objective of this preliminary study was to explore the use of waste residues generated during the bioethanol processing of sugar cane bagasse as a source of high value products, primarily lignin that can be functionalized to scavenge chloride ions ...

Membrane potential and permselectivity are critical parameters for a variety of electrochemically-driven separation and energy technologies. An electric potential is developed when a membrane separates electrolyte solutions of different concentrations, and a permselective membrane allows specific species to be transported while restricting the passage of other species. Ion exchange membranes ar...

This protocol describes the dynamic measurement of chloride ions using the transition time of a silver silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode. Silver silver chloride electrode is used extensively for potentiometric measurement of chloride ions concentration in electrolyte. In this measurement, long-term and continuous monitoring is limited due to the inherent drift and the requirement of a stable ...

1. Ammonium chloride is a poor uncoupler of photophosphorylation in subchloroplast particles. In the presence of valinomycin the inhibition of photophosphorylation by NH&l is greatly enhanced. 2. The enhancement of the ammonium chloride uncoupling of phosphorylation by valinomycin was less pronounced in chloroplasts than in subchloroplast particles. 3. The light-dependent uptake of ammonium ion...

In this study, we performed micro-scale dynamic laminar flow extraction and site-specific in situ chloride concentration measurements. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the diffusion process of chloride ions from an oil phase to a water phase under laminar flow. In contrast to common logic, we used SERS intensity gradients of Rhodamine 6G to quantitatively calculat...

Apart from their release of fluorine ions, GICs can potentially be used as templates for the release of other active antimicrobial ingredients. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of incorporating an antimicrobial compound into a glass-ionomer cement. For the realization of the aim set we used the commercially available ChemFlex glass-ionomer cement, a material widely used ...

The structure of anhydrous nickel, niobium and tantalum metal chlorides in ionic liquids IL) is important in the development of new electrochemical alloy deposition techniques. In order to understand the interactions of these metal ions with ionic liquids, we have investigated their structures in situ with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The ionic liquid used in this study is 1-methyl-3-et...

The corrosion of steel in concrete is mainly due to the chemical reaction between the chloride ions and iron ions. Indeed, this is a serious threaten for reinforced concrete structure, especially for the reinforced concrete structure in the sea. So it is urgent and important to protect concrete against chloride ions corrosion. In this work, we report multilayer concrete can cloak chloride ions....

A robust selectivity enhancement of an In(III)-porphyrin ionophore-based chloride-selective electrode under pulsed chronopotentiometric measurement mode that enables the detection of chloride ions in the presence of a normally interfering concentration of salicylate ions is described. This enhancement is achieved by the rapid depletion of the surface concentration of the more dilute lipophilic ...