In August 1996, Congress and the president replaced the 60-year-old Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program with a block grant, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), permitting states to experiment with new forms of assistance to low-income families. States seem likely to try increasingly ambitious reforms as they gain experience under their TANF flexibility, at least if...

Background and Aim: In recent decades, the survival rates of the children with cancer have improved significantly and their five-year survival rates have reached 80%, but there are still many concerns about the survival of adolescents and young people. Methods and Materials: In this retrospective study, the data of 310 children and adults with leukemia in Kurdistan Province were extracted from...

I test for welfare-induced migration by comparing AFDC participation in border counties to interior counties in the same state. If migration costs are lower for border county residents, border counties on the high-benefit side of a state border should have higher welfare participation relative to the state's interior counties. Border counties on the low-benefit side should have lower welfare pa...

The authors explore how to define a welfare spell and how well surveys measure welfare spells. By comparing survey and administrative data from the Work Pays Demonstration Project in California on the receipt of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), they find that a substantial amount of administrative churning occurs in administrative data. Through a mixing model of several break len...

This study summarizes the State policy with respect to the determination of need in the Federal-State program of AFDC. The areas discussed are the individual State definitions of need, the content of need standard, the types of persons included in the payment, the amount of income and resources allowed recipient families, the method of determining need, and a comparison of State food allowances...

Timely diagnosis and early initiation of treatment acute leukemia in children improve survival. Our study aimed to identify the factors associated with delayed children. A prospective observational was done at a tertiary care Superspeciality hospital Northern India. The included 100 aged 0–12 years over 18 months leukemia. A mixed-methods technique used, combining important variables...

Abstract Background Leukemia is one of the most common tumors in children and it is divided up into two main groups acute and chronic leukemia. The acute leukemia is more prevalent than chronic in children. Generally acute type is included acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, patients with leukemia who were admitted in Talghani hospital of Gorgan were...

Background: Since the caregivers of cancer patients have the main and basic role in caring, supporting and monitoring of treatment of these patients, providing their mental health is essential to continue such a care. Paying attention to spiritual needs is recognized as an indispensable component of the holistic care in nursing. Because of the importance of spirituality in recent years in the f...

Introduction and aims: Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders that made up several diverse biologically distinct subgroups. the eleventh tenth most common cause cancer morbidity mortality worldwide, respectively. There are insufficient data on parameters counts leukemia in Yemen. This cross-sectional study aims to determine for children with leukemia.