abstract objective the incidence of childhood cancer has been increasing nearly one percent per year for the past two decades. leukemia and lymphoma are the most common types of childhood cancers. this study assessed the relation between environmental factors (hydrocarbon, agricultural toxin, insecticide) and leukemia/lymphoma in children, which was evaluated by the frequency of the parents’ ha...

Detection of CD10, CD34 and their combined expression on Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and the association with clinical outcome in Indonesia 85 Detection of CD10, CD34 and their combined expression on Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and the association with clinical outcome in Indonesia CD10 and CD34 are surface markers that have been reported to have prognostic relevance in ch...

Cigarette smoke has been linked to adult myeloid leukemia; however, the association between parental smoking and childhood leukemia remains unclear. Parental smoking and the risk of childhood leukemia were examined in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study, a case-control study, between 1995 and 2002. The present analysis included 327 acute childhood leukemia cases (281 acute lymphobl...

1. Reiter A, Schrappe M, Luwdig WD, et al. Chemotherapy in 998 unselected childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Results and conclusions of the multicenter trial ALL-BFM 86. Blood 1994; 84:3122-33. 2. Wan JH, Trainor KJ, Brisco MJ, Morley AA. Monoclonality in B-cell lymphoma detected in paraffin wax embedded using the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43:888-90. 3. Brisco...

The concept of CNS preventive therapy in childhood all is based on the assumption that undetectable CNS leukemia is present in most patients at the time of diagnosis, residing in that "sdnctuary site" protected by the blood-brain barrier from cytotoxic concentrations of most systemically ad­ministered antileukemic agents. Studies in the 1960s demonstrated that administration of 2400 rad cranial...

Background: While numerous studies have addressed the outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in western developed countries, there is a scarcity data developing countries. This study explores hematological predictors outcomes Duhok city- Kurdistan Iraq.

Several molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted to examine the association between glutathione S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) null polymorphisms and childhood acute leukemia; however, the conclusions remain controversial. We performed an extensive meta-analysis on 26 published case-control studies with a total of 3252 cases and 5024 contro...

Socioeconomic status (SES) discrepancies exist for child and adult cancer morbidity and are a major public health concern. In this Swiss population-based matched case-control study on the etiology of childhood leukemia, we selected the cases from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry diagnosed since 1991 and the controls randomly from census. We assigned eight controls per case from the 1990 and ...

Polymorphisms in NQO1, a gene coding for the phase II enzyme involved in the detoxification of quinone carcinogens, have been associated with childhood leukemia in some studies, although the observed direction and magnitude of effects have been inconsistent. Therefore, the authors systematically reviewed all published reports describing the effect of NQO1 in de novo childhood leukemia and condu...

Background: Acute leukemia is one of the most common types of childhood malignancies and one fourth of malignancies in this age group is acute leukemia. Acute leukemia may be myeloid or lymphoid. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is characterized with abnormal proliferation of lymphoid cells and symptoms related to this are acute and if disease is not treated appropriately, it progresses rapidly and...