PROBLEM Prevention of injuries to child passengers is a significant public health priority, as motor vehicle-related injuries remain a leading cause of death for children in Japan. The purpose of compulsory child restraint seats legislation in April 2000 was to reduce the number of child passengers killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes. METHODS The objectives of this preliminary evaluati...

The design of the optimal child restraint environment must consider both vehicle system (VS) and child restraint system (CRS) components. The objective of this study was to analyze the contributions from each system using a computer simulation of a rear facing (RF) child restraint involved in frontal crash. A parametric study of the material characteristics of components in each system was perf...

OBJECTIVE To reduce the use of restraint and seclusion with children and adolescents in psychiatric inpatient units by promoting a preventive, strength-based model of care. METHOD The State Mental Health Authority used data analysis, quality improvement strategies, regulatory oversight, and technical assistance to develop and implement system change over a 22-month period. No changes in regul...

Rear Facing child restraints (RFCR) have various component designs which can couple the restraint to the vehicle. Swedish tethers, which link the upper portion of the child restraint to the vehicle floor, prevent rearward rotation in rear impacts and during rebound in frontal crashes. They also simplify installation of restraints by allowing better control of the installation angle and removing...

BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death among children in the United States. Age- and size-appropriate child restraint use is the most effective method for reducing these deaths. METHODS CDC analyzed 2002–2011 data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System to determine the number and rate of motor-vehicle occupant deaths, and the proportion of unrestrained child deaths...

There are significant issues associated with the use of restrictive measures, such as seclusion and restraint, in child and adolescent mental health care. Greater understanding of how restrictive measures are used is important for informing strategies to reduce their use. In this brief report we present a 12-month audit (1/1/2010-31/12/2011) of the use of restrictive measures (seclusion, physic...

OBJECTIVE Analyses of crash injury data have shown that injury risk increases when children transition from belt-positioning boosters to the vehicle seat belt alone. The objective of this study is to investigate how to improve the restraint environment for these children. METHODS A parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of body size, seat belt anchorage locations, and re...

BACKGROUND The relationships between maternal body image and eating concerns and increases in body mass index (BMI) in early childhood are poorly understood. Our aim was to test a model in which mothers' BMI, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint and concerns about their child's weight were related to restrictive feeding practices and child BMIz change. METHODS Mothers of 2-year-old childre...

OBJECTIVE This descriptive study examines 45 child and adolescent fatalities related to restraints in residential (institutional) placements in the United States from 1993 to 2003. METHOD The study team used common Internet search engines as its primary case discovery strategy to determine the frequency and the nature of the fatalities, as well as the characteristics of the children and the a...