Brightness profiles of X-ray and VUV lines from eight molybdenum charge states between Mo 23+ and Mo 33+ have been measured in Alcator C-Mod plasmas. These spatial profiles agree very well with those predicted by a model which includes ionization, recombination, excitation and transport. Comparison with the profiles of many different charge states provides severe constraints upon the rates used...

Elucidating the decay mechanisms of photoexcited charge carriers is key to improving the efficiency of solar cells based on organo-lead halide perovskites. Here we investigate the spectral dependence (via above-, inter- and sub-bandgap optical excitations) of direct and trap-mediated decay processes in CH3NH3PbI3 using time resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC). We find that the total end-of-p...

Water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs) use visible light to split water using molecular sensitizers and water oxidation catalysts codeposited onto mesoporous TiO2 electrodes. Despite a high quantum yield of charge injection and low requirement for the catalytic turnover rate, the quantum yield of water splitting in WS-DSPECs is typically low (<1%). Here we examine...

In the recombination process of Photosystem II (S(2)Q(A)(-)-->S(1)Q(A)) the limiting step is the electron transfer from the reduced primary acceptor pheophytin Ph(-) to the oxidized primary donor P(+) and the rate depends on the equilibrium constant between states S(2)PPhQ(A)(-) and S(1)P(+)Ph(-)Q(A). Accordingly, mutations that affect the midpoint potential of Ph or of P result in a modified r...

Flexible photovoltaic devices possess promising perspectives in opto-electronic technologies, where high mobility and/or large-scale applicability are important. However, their usefulness in such applications is currently still limited due to the low level of optimization of their performance and durability. For the improvement of these properties, a better understanding and control of small-sc...

The price of energy to separate tightly bound electron-hole pair (or charge-transfer state) and extract freely movable charges from low-mobility materials represents fundamental losses for many low-cost photovoltaic devices. In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs), approximately 50% of the total efficiency lost among all energy loss pathways is due to the photogenerated charge c...

Platinum(ii) bis(N-(4-ethynylphenyl)carbazole)bipyridine fullerene complexes, (Cbz)2-Pt(bpy)-C60 and ((t)BuCbz)2-Pt(bpy)-C60, were synthesized. Their photophysical properties were studied by electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy and the origin of the transitions was supported by computational studies. The electrochemical properties were also studied and the free energies for charge-se...