We have developed a corrosion model that can predict metal oxide growth and dissolution rates as a function of time for a range of solution conditions. Our model considers electrochemical reactions at the metal/oxide and oxide/solution interfaces, and the metal cation flux from the metal to the solution phase through a growing oxide layer, and formulates the key processes using classical chemic...

Approximate solutions representing the gravitational-electrostatic balance of two arbitrary point sources in general relativity have led to contradictory arguments in the literature with respect to the condition of balance. Up to the present time, the only known exact solutions which can be interpreted as the non-linear superposition of two spherically symmetric (Reissner-Nordstr om) bodies wi...

Switching on interchain coupling in a system of one-dimensional strongly interacting chains often leads to an ordered state. Quite generally, there is a competition between an insulating charge-density-wave and a superconducting state. In the case of repulsive interactions, charge-density wave usually wins over superconductivity. Here, we show that a suitable modulation in the form of a period ...

couplings are needed to explain the RD and RD∗ anomalies. We show that when the upper limit of BR(Bc → τ ν̄τ ) < 30% is included, RD can be significantly enhanced while RD∗ < 0.27. With the BR(Bc → τ ν̄τ ) constraint, we find that the τ -lepton polarizations can be still affected by the charged-Higgs effects, where the standard model (SM) predictions are obtained as: P τ D ≈ 0.324 and P τ D∗ ≈ −0...

Jupiter’s upper atmosphere forms the boundary between the lower atmosphere and interplanetary space. As the topmost layer, the thermosphere absorbs solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and charged particles from the magnetosphere that cause dissociation and ionization of thermospheric molecules. Subsequent chemistry establishes the ionosphere and the densities of minor, photoand electroche...

The transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2 is a layered material exhibiting charge density waves. Based on angleresolved photoemission experiments mapping spectral weight at the Fermi surface and density functional theory calculations we discuss possible mechanisms involved with the creation of charge density waves. At first the flat parts of the elliptically shaped Fermi surface appear to pla...

Nuclear Forces. Protons give the nucleus of an atom a net positive charge. So, why doesn’t the nucleus explode? Nuclear stability is possible because the particles in the nucleus are each tiny magnets, and magnets can be arranged to attract one another. When the particles inside the nucleus have specific locations, the forces from electrical charge can be in balance with the magnetic forces fro...

The aim of this paper is to clarify the kind of capitalist society that is emerging in South Korea. To keep the conceptual analysis focused, the paper addresses the questions of how and why the structural and institutional socio-economic and political arrangements have changed during South Korea’s catch-up process and what others could learn from it. Using a historical-comparative approach, the...

Recent advances in quantum dot surface passivation have led to a rapid development of high-efficiency solar cells. Another critical element for achieving efficient power conversion is the charge neutrality of quantum dots, as charge imbalances induce electronic states inside the energy gap. Here we investigate how the simultaneous introduction of metal cations and halide anions modifies the cha...

For the balance equations of charge transport in semiconductors based on the maximum entropy principle (see Anile and Romano (1999) and Romano (2000)), we derive and study the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions.