The beginning of metallurgy in the ancient Near East attracts much attention. The southern Levant, with the rich assemblage of copper artifacts from the Nahal Mishmar cave and the unique gold rings of the Nahal Qanah cave, is regarded as a main center of early metallurgy during the second half of the 5th millennium CalBC. However, a recently discovered copper awl from a Middle Chalcolithic buri...

The relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes driving patterns of human settlement remains controversial. A main reason for this is that disentangling the drivers of distributions and geographic clustering at different spatial scales is not straightforward and powerful analytical toolboxes able to deal with this type of data are largely deficient. Here we use a multivariate ...

In 2008, a well preserved and complete shoe was recovered at the base of a Chalcolithic pit in the cave of Areni-1, Armenia. Here, we discuss the chronology of this find, its archaeological context and its relevance to the study of the evolution of footwear. Two leather samples and one grass sample from the shoe were dated at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU). A third leather sampl...

In prehistoric studies of Iran, the Abharrood River Basin, located on the east of Zanjan province and in the northwestborder of the Central Plateau, is one of the little-known and dark regions. Studying this region according to itsenvironmental features and geographical location is important for understanding regional relations and interregionalinteractions between three cultural-geographical a...

sakiabad is one of the most important sites in the choqakhor pond’s basin which show remains of nomadic settlement in the chalcolithic period. salvage excavation was carried out for two months during autumn and winter of 2011. by digging of five trenches10×10 m, one of the nomadic settlements was exposed with mud and stone architecture made from the local materials in the region. exposed space ...

Chalcolithic religious practice at the site of Çad?r Höyük (central Anatolia) included insertion ritual deposits into architectural fabric settlement, “consecrating” spaces or imbuing them with symbolic properties. These are recognizable in archaeological record by their consistent use ritually-charged material, such as ochre, copper, human and animal bone, certain kinds ceramics. During 800-ye...

The site of Gülpınar, located in the Troad northwest Anatolia has revealed settlements Early and Middle Chalcolithic periods (late 6th to mid 5th millennia BC). Among artefacts recovered during excavation is a small number personal ornaments. This article provides descriptions considers how they fit into wider ornamentation practices prehistory. There are few published items from period which G...

Perdigões is a large site with a set of ditched enclosures located at Reguengos de Monsaraz, Alentejo, South Portugal. Recently at the central area of this site burnt human remains were found in a pit (#16). This structure had inside human remains, animal bones (namely pig, sheep or goat, cattle, dog, deer and rabbit), shards, ivory idols and arrowheads. All have been subjected to fire and late...

This article is the result of archaeological and paleoenvironmental investigations carried out within scope ANSOR project in Sorraia valley (Coruche), on left bank Lower Tagus. In analysis settlement dynamics between 5500 1800 a.n.e. we considered four moments: 1) The first peasant societies ancient Neolithic; 2) Middle Late 3) Chalcolithic; 4) Early Bronze Age. was also framed framework Center...