Congenital agenesis of the uterine cervix and vagina in the presence of a functional endometrium is an extremely rare mullerian anomaly [1]. Congenital vaginal agenesis occurs with a prevalence of 1/4000-1/5000 live-born females, while the accurate incidence of cervicovaginal agenesis is controversial [1-3]. Cervicovaginal agenesis is usually not diagnosed until menarche. It is manifested by th...

BACKGROUND Infertility is one of the common problems seen in couples of reproductive age. Presence of antisperm antibodies in semen and serum are amongst the causes of immunoinfertility. This study was performed to determine antisperm antibodies in cervicovaginal secretions and serum of infertile women and also measure serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA). METHODS The study cons...

OBJECTIVE Intravaginal exposure to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) acutely recruits interferon-alpha (IFN-α) producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and CD4 T-lymphocyte targets to the endocervix of nonhuman primates. We tested the impact of repeated cervicovaginal exposures to noninfectious, defective SIV particles over 72 hours on a subsequent cervicovaginal challenge with replicatio...

BACKGROUND GSK1265744 (744) is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor in clinical development as a long-acting (LA) injectable formulation. This study evaluated plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics after single-dose administration of 744 LA administered by intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous injections. METHODS This was a phase I, open-label, 9-cohort, parallel study of 744 in healthy subjects. 744 was ad...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate a newly-developed EASYPREP liquid-based cytology method in cervicovaginal specimens and compare it with SurePath. METHODS Cervicovaginal specimens were prospectively collected from 1,000 patients with EASYPREP and SurePath. The specimens were first collected by brushing for SurePath and second for EASYPREP. The specimens of both methods w...

Majority of the cases fungal infections to be detected in cervicovaginal smears, are caused by Candida species. Aspergillus not just rare, but should also raise alarm regarding immune status patient. Here we report case an adult female with smears showing non-Candida elements, going on prove contamination wooden spatula fumigatus.

Defining and preserving the innate antiviral activity found in cervicovaginal secretions is critical. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were obtained from 20 healthy women and evaluated for anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity. CVL samples reduced HSV-2 yields by 23-fold (median), and the anti-HSV activity of CVL samples correlated with the concentration of human neutrophil peptides (HNP)...

The initial host response to viral infection occurs after Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on dendritic cells (DC) are stimulated by viral nucleic acids (double-stranded RNA, single-stranded RNA) and alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-beta are produced. We hypothesized that pharmacologic induction of innate antiviral responses in the cervicovaginal mucosa by topical application of TLR agonists prio...