Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective The objective was to measure the change of flavum ligament diameter during positional changes of the cervical spine using kinetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to examine the correlational diameter changes of the flavum ligament, disk bulging, and the spinal canal from extension to flexion positions. Methods One hundred eight-nine patien...

OBJECTIVE To quantify changes in the diameter of the vertebral canal with flexion and extension in the cervical vertebral column. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric biomechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Cadaveric canine cervical vertebral column (n = 16 dogs). METHODS All vertebral columns were evaluated with MRI. Group 1 consisted of 8 normal vertebral columns. Group 2 included 8 vertebral columns ...

STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the correlation of the cervical canal and spinal cord size, and evaluate whether the size of the spinal cord relative to the spinal canal is a risk factor for development of cervical spinal cord compression (SCC). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There is little knowledge regarding the relationship between cervical bon...

The cleaning of the ear canal is very important, and it crucial that performed by an otolaryngologist as requires a high level competence skill. accumulation cerumen or earwax in one most commonly observed problems patients, ignoring may cause hearing loss, irritation discomfort. There are number techniques have been utilized past for canal, including irrigation, i.e., curettage water pick, syr...

objectives : cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is an important step in endodontic therapy. new instruments incorporate new preparation techniques that can improve the efficacy of cleaning and shaping. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of mtwo and race rotary file systems in straightening the canal curvature using only one file or the conventional method. materials an...

Background The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of coexisting symptomatic lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) in patients after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and identify possible predictive factors associated with it. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with CSM at our institution between January 2005 and December 2015. Clinical and radiogra...

Cervical spondylosis was defined by Brain (1948), by Brain, Northfield, and Wilkinson (1952), and by Frykholm (1951). Its essential features are protrusion of the annulus fibrosus and changes in the adjacent vertebral margins. The size of the cervical spinal canal may play a major part in the neurological manifestations of cervical spondylosis. The antero-posterior diameters of the cervical can...

Leontiasis ossea (leonine facies) or cervical canal stenosis are rare complications of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (PFD). This case report documents dramatic leontiasis ossea in PFD as well as post traumatic cervical cord contusion due to hyperextension injury in a patient with generalized PFD involving the cranio-facial bones, axial skeleton and entire spine with secondary cervical canal ste...

BACKGROUND Cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening is an effective method of detecting cytological changes in the cervix before they lead to cervical cancer. However, the quality of a Pap smear can be compromised by inflammatory exudate, inadequate cellularity or failure to sample the transformation zone. We evaluated the effect of routine cervical cleaning on Pap smear quality. METHODS I...