Lead, one of the earliest metals recognized and used by humans, has a long history of beneficial use to humankind, but has now been recognized as toxic and as posing a widespread threat to humans and wildlife. The adequacy and widespread nature of lead ores (primarily in the forms of the carbonate cerussite, PbCO3, and the sulfide, galena, PbS, combined with its ease of extraction have resulted...

Abstract This review summarises the state-of-the-art of lead-based pigment studies, addressing their production, trade, use and possible alteration. Other issues, such as those related to investigation protection artworks bearing pigments are also presented. The focus is mineralogical, both raw materials degradation products mineral phases occurring in nature (except for very few cases). minera...

The vein-type Chomalu polymetallic epithermal deposit, located in the Tarom-Hashtjin Metallogenic Province (THMP), western Alborz, formed two separate mineralized zones controlled by fault within andesite and olivine basalt host rocks. deposit occurs adjacent to Varmarziar quartz monzonite, monzodiorite, monzosyenite intrusions. Ore mineralization consists of three stages; (i) an early stage do...

Supergene mineral assemblages rich in Pb, As and P occur on the dumps after historical mining of base-metal deposit Kvasetice (Havlíčkův Brod ore district, Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic). The primary hydrothermal assemblage pyrite > sphalerite arsenopyrite galena >> boulangerite hosted quartz veins is partly different from other similar localities this area, which belong ...

Contamination of shooting range soils from the use of Pb bullets is under increasing scrutiny. Past research on Pb contamination of shooting ranges has focused on weathering reactions of Pb bullets in soil. The objective of this study was to determine the significance of abrasion of Pb bullets in contributing to soil Pb contamination. This was accomplished by firing a known mass of bullets into...

The use of lead bullets and shot at shooting ranges is under increasing scrutiny as a potentially significant source of Pb pollution. This study assessed Pb contamination in the soils of two shooting ranges (TRR and MPR) in Florida. Soil samples were collected from the two ranges and analyzed for total Pb to determine Pb contamination. Selected spent bullets and berm soil samples were mineralog...

A lthough cosmetics, from Greek kósmesis (adorn), now refers to external products used to beautify the skin, hair, eye, or other parts of the body, cosmesis was not the first objective of primitive eye painting. The first aim of body painting in primitive cultures may have been to protect people from evil spirits, which could enter their body through vulnerable openings, such as the eyes. The s...

The exploitation of mine waste materials as secondary resources requires in-depth mineralogical analyses, with metal deportment being particular relevance for recovery. Using a combination the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-based Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA) and Probe Micro-Analyser (EPMA) methods, lead zinc in historic Plombières site (East Belgium) was investigated. comprises four di...

This study, carried out in tailings from two sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits the Lublin-Głogów Copper District Poland (Kupferschiefer-type deposit) and Zhezkazgan (cupriferous sandstone-type Kazakhstan, analysed mineralogy of copper, zinc, lead minerals as related to metal accumulation sediments. Microscopic study reflected light SEM–EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope—Energy Dispersiv...

The thermodynamic properties of carbonate minerals suggest a possibility for the use abundant materials (e.g., magnesite) removing harmful divalent heavy metals Pb2+). Despite favourable condition such transformation, batch experiments performed in this work indicate that kinetic magnesite dissolution at room temperature is very slow. Another set co-precipitation from homogenous solution Mg-PbI...