The CSF is a complex fluid with a dynamically varying proteome throughout development and in adulthood. During embryonic development, the nascent CSF differentiates from the amniotic fluid upon closure of the anterior neural tube. CSF volume then increases over subsequent days as the neuroepithelial progenitor cells lining the ventricles and the choroid plexus generate CSF. The embryonic CSF co...

meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, thereby involving the arachnoid, the pia and the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). it is divided into viral and bacterial meningitis. for different reasons the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is very important. the examination of csf samples may provide information about causative microorganism. the sensivity of ...

Despite recent innovations in the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial from nonbacterial meningitis, solid data-necessary for early determination of bacterial meningitis (BM) before organism growth in the culture medium-are missing. Therefore cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels were evaluated as a possible means of differentiating the two clinical entities. This was a retrospective study....

CSF fistula/CSF leak is a pathological disorder that spans all ages. the primary clinical characteristic of this disorder is abnormal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), from CSF containing compartments of the central nervous system (CNS) to the around space due to abnormal defect of the Dura matter and the skull [1], which typically appears as a clear watery leakage from nose (rhinorrhea) or...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in developing countries including Nepal. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis results in poor prognosis of the disease. This study was conducted to estimate diagnostic cut off values of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pleural fluid and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and neg...

Retinal detachment in adults with posterior segment coloboma is thought to be rhegmatogenous. Vitrectomy techniques are therefore used therapeutically. There is indirect evidence that subretinal fluid in retinal detachment, associated with optic nerve cavitation, is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We report 2 pediatric cases, referred for the management of coloboma-related retinal detachment, that p...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most popular type of dementia in elderly and is described by a progressive loss of cognitive capacity and severe neurodegeneration which typically begins with memory deficits. The major biomarkers of AD include total tau, phosphorylated-tau and 42 amino acid isoform of amyloid beta that reflect neurodegeneration and indicate the pathophysiological processes in AD...

G-CSF in individual follicular fluids correlates with the potential of the corresponding embryo to result in a live birth after transfer in IVF. To evaluate the requirements for routine follicular fluid G-CSF quantification, we compared follicular fluid G-CSF measurements made with two multiplexed microbead assays purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories and R&D Systems, and a commercial G-CSF ELISA...