The role of epitope expression levels in CD8+ T cell priming has been controversial. Yet this parameter is of great importance in the design of rational approaches to optimize CTL responses to a variety of pathogens. In this paper we examine the influence of epitope production on CD8+ T cell priming by exploiting a system that allows a 200-fold range of cell surface epitope expression in vitro ...

From 2003 to 2013, Indonesia had the highest number of avian influenza A cases in humans, with 192 cases and 160 fatalities. Avian influenza is caused by influenza virus type A, such as subtype H5N1. This virus has two glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which will become the primary target to be neutralized by vaccine. Vaccine is the most effective immunologic intervention. In this...

Our previous work showed that the proteoglycan aggrecan can induce erosive polyarthritis and spondylitis in BALB/c mice, and that the G1 domain of the proteoglycan aggrecan (G1) is the arthritogenic region. In this study, two T cell epitopes residing on G1 within residues 70-84 (peptide G5) and 150-169 (peptide G9) were identified using synthetic peptides and aggrecan-specific T cell lines. Two...

We have located a novel carbohydrate epitope in the cell walls of certain single cells in embryogenic, but not in non-embryogenic, suspension cultures of carrot. Expression of this epitope, recognized by the mAb JIM8, is regulated during initiation, proliferation, and prolonged growth of suspension cultures such that changes in the abundance of JIM8-reactive cells always precede equivalent chan...

Identification of B-cell epitopes is a fundamental step for development of epitope-based vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostic tools. Epitope-based antibodies are currently the most promising class of biopharmaceuticals. In the last decade, in-depth in silico analysis and categorization of the experimentally identified epitopes stimulated development of algorithms for epitope predict...

Abstract Genetic engineering of T-cells using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown promise in the treatment relapsed/refractory B-cell leukemia. However, a significant percentage patients will eventually relapse, often due to emergence tumor cells expressing low levels target antigen. Previous research demonstrated that hinge domain CAR plays crucial role regulating cytotoxic capabilitie...