OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between absolute CD4 count and CD4%, and the influence on this of gender, risk group, age, a diagnosis of AIDS, use of zidovudine (ZDV) therapy and PCP prophylaxis. METHODS 9203 paired serial measurements of CD4 count and CD4% on 1017 initially AIDS-free and ZDV-naive HIV positive patients from a London-based cohort were available for analysis. Multi-lev...

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of streptococcal M protein in naturally-occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) function and development in rheumatic heart disease in Iraqi patients. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated for subsequent M protein extraction. Also, peripheral blood nTregs and CD4+ T cells were isolated by using Magnetic Cell Separation System. Tissue cul...

Introduction Current UK guidelines recommend initiation of HAART in all patients with a CD4 count of <350 cells/mm. The success of this policy depends on early HIV diagnosis. One-third of individuals in the UK have a CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm at diagnosis. According to the European consensus, late presentation for care refers to persons presenting with CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm or present...

INTRODUCTION Up to 30% of HIV infected patients who are receiving HAART do not exhibit a marked increase in the CD4+ T cell count. There is still a concern that immune recovery may not be complete once CD4+ T cells have decreased below 200 cells/μl. The objective is to assess CD4+ cell recovery in HIV+ patients with CD4 count below 200 cells/μl) at HAART initiation. METHODS This was a retrosp...

BACKGROUND There are limited data regarding the relative merits of biomarkers as predictors of mortality or time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS We evaluated the usefulness of the CD4 cell count, CD4 cell percentage (CD4%), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) load, total lymphocyte count (TLC), body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin measured at 32 weeks' gestatio...

BACKGROUND Estimates of the decrease in CD4(+) cell counts in untreated patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are important for patient care and public health. We analyzed CD4(+) cell count decreases in the Cape Town AIDS Cohort and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. METHODS We used mixed-effects models and joint models that allowed for the correlation between CD4(+) cell count ...

toxoplasma gondii has arisen as an important opportunistic agent especially in the central nervous system and in advanced hiv disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality. this study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among hiv-positive patients in iran. blood samples were collected from 201 hiv-positive patients and anti-toxoplasma antibodies were detecte...

BACKGROUND Understanding of the interplay between plasma HIV RNA level and CD4 cell count depletion in untreated infection remains incomplete. METHODS We studied 1169 people with HIV seen for care at a major London clinic while naive to antiretroviral therapy. We considered pairs (n = 5940) of consecutive simultaneously measured CD4 cell count and plasma HIV RNA values from patients who had n...

BACKGROUND An accurate and affordable CD4+ T cells count is an essential tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Flow cytometry (FCM) is the "gold standard" for counting such cells, but this technique is expensive and requires sophisticated equipment, temperature-sensitive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and trained personnel. The lack of access to technical support and quality assurance programs thus...

Community Program for Clinical Research on AIDS 059 was a multicenter study conducted among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with CD4+ cell counts > or =300 cells/mm3 who were randomly assigned to receive antiretroviral therapy with or without intermittent subcutaneously administered recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). To identify factors associated with a response to IL-2...