The breakdown of plant biomass to simple sugars is essential for the production of second-generation biofuels and high-value bioproducts. Currently, enzymes produced from filamentous fungi are used for deconstructing plant cell wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars for biorefinery applications. A post-translational N-terminal pyroglutamate modification observed in some of these enzymes o...

Background: Cellulase adsorption to lignin is considered a cost barrier for bioethanol production; however, its detailed association mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, two natural poplar variants with high and low sugar release performance were selected as the low and high recalcitrant raw materials (named L and H, respectively). Three different lignin fractions were extrac...

Purpose Respiratory variation can increase the variability of tumor position and volume, accounting for larger treatment margins and longer treatment times. Audiovisual biofeedback as a breath-hold technique could be used to improve the reproducibility of lung tumor positions at inhalation and exhalation for the radiation therapy of mobile lung tumors. This study aimed to assess the impact of a...

Biodegradation of plant biomass is a slow process in nature, and hydrolysis of cellulose is also widely considered to be a rate-limiting step in the proposed industrial process of converting lignocellulosic materials to biofuels. It is generally known that a team of enzymes including endo- and exocellulases as well as cellobiases are required to act synergistically to hydrolyze cellulose to glu...

BACKGROUND It is important to generate biofuels and society must be weaned from its dependency on fossil fuels. In order to produce biofuels, lignocellulose is pretreated and the resulting cellulose is hydrolyzed by cellulases such as cellobiohydrolases (CBH) and endoglucanases (EG). Until now, the biofuel industry has usually applied impractical celluloses to screen for cellulases capable of d...

The CBH theorem characterises quantum theory within a C*-algebraic framework. Namely, mathematical properties of C*-algebras modelling systems are equivalent to constraints that information-theoretic in nature: (1) noncommutativity subalgebras is impossibility signalling; (2) the whole algebra broadcasting; (3) existence entangled states implied by secure bit commitment (with converse conjectur...

The demand of renewable energy has increased the interest in whole-tree harvesting. sustainability harvesting after clear-cutting, from an acidification point view, depends on two factors: present status and further loss buffering capacity at aims this study were to investigate relationship between these factors 26 sites along gradient Sweden, divide into risk classes, examine geographical dist...

Abstract In the process of bioethanol production, more stable and active cellulase in high temperature condition is required. this study, syringic acid was applied hydrolysis system. At 70°C, Tv EG3 activity increased 201.36%, Ct BglA decreased 72.79% by acid. With assisting, thermostability improved, reduced. Syringic scarcely affected CBH. system with cellulases containing EG3, CBH, BglA, red...

Cellobiohydrolases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 6 (CBH II, Cel6A) play key roles in the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. CBH II from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcCel6A) consists of a catalytic domain (CD) and a carbohydrate-binding module connected by a linker peptide, like other known fungal cellobiohydrolases. In the present study, the CD of PcCel6A was c...

We study Einstein gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field in a static, spherically symmetric space-time in four dimensions. Black hole solutions are shown to exist for a phantom scalar field whose kinetic energy is negative. These " scalar black holes " have an infinite horizon area and zero temperature T H and are termed " cold black holes " (CBHs). The relevant explicit solutions are well...