We document three facts about the labor supply of Kenyan bicycle-taxi drivers: (1) drivers work more on days with higher cash needs; (2) the quitting hazard increases once the day’s need is reached; but (3) randomized cash payouts have no meaningful effect on labor supply. These results are consistent with models in which workers have reference-dependent preferences over earned income targets. ...

In 2015, the United Nations High Commission for Refugees accommodated over 15 million refugees, mostly in refugee camps in developing countries. The World Food Program provided these refugees with food aid, in cash or in kind. Refugees' impacts on host countries are controversial and little understood. This unique study analyzes the economic impacts of refugees on host-country economies within ...

Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a nationally representative, longitudinal survey, this study examines changing levels of Unemployment Insurance (UI) eligibility and benefit receipt among working low-educated single mothers, 1990–2005. It also examines changing participation in cash welfare and the Food Stamp Program (FSP). Relative to single childless women, there h...

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 made radical changes to the way the nation provides income support to low-income families. The main program that provided cash assistance to single-parent families for over 60 years, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), was replaced with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). TANF allows sta...

this paper investigates the link between accrual and cash flow components of earnings and future abnormal earnings and equity values. the base of tests in this paper is ohlson (1999) model and net income, equity book value and return on equity book value, is the variables that used in this paper. the statistical population of this research is the firms accepted in the tehran stock exchange that...

The new children’s allowances1 (“child benefit”) program in the United Kingdom recently completed its 3-year phase-in period, begun in 1977. The new program is the first major reform of family support since the introduction of children’s allowances in 1946. It merges two kinds of allowances that previously benefited families with childrenthe taxable social security cash payments made to all fam...

The total fertility rate in South Korea has consistently declined from its 2.1 replacement level in 1983 to its current level of 1.23 in 2012. From 2005 to 2010, the government implemented its first pronatalist set of policies to encourage people to have more children. Currently, fertility grants are provided at a provincial level, widely varying in their amounts and qualifications. These prona...

Recent studies on food stamp participant households’ marginal propensity to spend out of food stamps versus income have had contradictory results: experimental studies have found household behavior aligns with standard economic theory where households’ marginal propensity to spend on food out of food stamps is equivalent to cash income; observational studies find that households have a larger m...

Free work place parking has long been considered to have a strong influence on whether or not individuals use their car for their trips to work. A survey of local authority employees was conducted to examine their potential responses to the removal of free work place parking spaces, how they would respond to parking cash-out policies and to work place parking charges, and finally their response...