Case-control studies investigate associations between exposures to risk factors and a condition of interest. Subjects with the condition (cases) are compared to subjects known not to have the condition (controls) with respect to the presence of risk factors in the past. This design is particularly useful when the condition of interest is relatively uncommon. Case-control studies are useful for ...

The effects of coffee consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality remain uncertain. Recent meta-analyses"2 have produced equivocal findings, with weaker associations being seen in cohort than in case-control studies. Data regarding potential confounding factors have often been limited in these earlier studies. We have examined this issue in a large prospective study with a long follow...

INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer in morocco women were it occupies the first place in term of incidence and mortality. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the risk factors associated with a breast cancer in a population of Moroccan women. METHODS A case-control study was conducted with population women whose age is less than 40 years during 2008-2010 at the Nationa...

This paper considers the problem of estimating the spectrum of real-valued signals. We propose real-valued versions of the Capon and the APES spectral estimators. The estimators are derived as members of the Matched-Filterbank (MAFI) estimator class as introduced in [1]. Furthermore, we show that the real-valued estimators will be unbiased, whereas the complex-valued estimators will have a (sli...

INTRODUCTION There are currently an estimated 10-12 million cases of leprosy in the world. In Sene District of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana the prevalence of leprosy is 2.4/10,000 of the population. Most of these cases are children, indicating that new infections are still occurring in the communities. OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with leprosy in the Sene District in order to ...

Psychiatric patients have a higher seroprevalence of toxocariasis than general population. However, there is poor knowledge about any specific psychiatric diagnosis associated with toxocariasis. The aim of the study was to determine whether seropositivity to Toxocara was associated with schizophrenia. Through an age and gender-matched case-control seroprevalence study in Durango City, Mexico, 5...

Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in China, the study is to learn risk factors for preterm birth in rural area of western China. A 1:1 case-control study in which cases included the pregnant women of preterm birth and controls included the matched pregnant women of normal deliver was conducted in 5 counties in western China. Data about the general situation...

Two eyetracking-during-listening experiments showed frequency and context effects on fixation probability for pictures representing multiple meanings of homophones. Participants heard either an imperative sentence instructing them to look at a homophone referent (Experiment 1) or a declarative sentence that was either neutral or biased toward the homophone's subordinate meaning (Experiment 2). ...

The association of adult height with mortality has been extensively investigated in the general population, but little is known about this relationship among dialysis patients. We explored the relationship between height and mortality in a retrospective cohort study of 1,171,842 adults who began dialysis in the United States from 1995 to 2008 and were followed until December 31, 2010. We evalua...

While recent studies suggest children can use cross-situational information to learn words, these studies involved minimal referential ambiguity, and the cross-situational evidence overwhelmingly favored a single referent for each word. Here we asked whether 2·5-year-olds could identify a noun's referent when the scene and cross-situational evidence were more ambiguous. Children saw four trials...