This paper studies how dual-self (Fudenberg and Levine (2006)) decision-makers can use commitment technologies to combat temptation and implement long-run optimal actions. I consider two types of such technologies: carrot contracts (rewards for ‘good’ behavior financed by borrowing from future consumption) and stick contracts (self imposed fines for ‘bad’ behavior). Both types of contracts can ...

Many foodborne outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection have been associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables. On-farm contaminations through contaminated manure or irrigation water application were considered likely sources of the pathogen for several outbreaks. Field studies were done to determine the survival of E. coli O157:H7 on two subterranean crop...

The old adage, ?you are what you eat? couldn?t be more true when it comes to carrots. To answer your question: yes, you can take on an orange-ish hue if you eat too many carrots. This phenomenon ? known in medical circles as ?carotenemia?? fortunately has no known risks to a person?s health. Carrots have this colorful effect because they are chock-full of betacarotene, which is a pigment found ...

The consumption of dehydrated vegetables, which provides an important source of vitamins, is increasing worldwide. Dehydrated vegetables are located on non-refrigerated shelves in food shops and, therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the modifications that take place in the content of these labile micronutrients at the ambient conditions currently found in food shops. The present ...

Carrots have one of the highest levels of carotene, and they are rich in vitamins, fiber and minerals. However, since fresh carrots wilt rapidly after harvest under inappropriate storage conditions, drying has been used to improve their shelf life and retain nutritional quality. Therefore, to further investigate the potential of this method, carrot slices were dried in an EHD system in order to...

A key objective of the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) program is to reduce the potential for produce to become contaminated with microbial pathogens, such as through irrigation water. Without microbial standards, however, it is impractical to decide whether there is a need to disinfect, a need to institute watershed protection programs, or a need to institute post-harvest disinfection regime...

We study a Lazear-Rosen tournament in which players choose both work effort, which determines the mean of their output distribution, and the variance of output. The variance can be increased above its natural level but it is costly to do so. We show that tournaments involving more than two players generate incentives for risk-neutral players to pursue high-risk projects. However, the incorporat...

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A revalorization of discarded carrots as substrate for the production of second-generation ethanol is proposed. In order to increase the fermentable sugar concentration of the musts two strategies were studied: Strategy 1 consisted in the enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse must and Strategy 2 by which carrots were milled, dropped into distilled water and hydrolyzed with different enzymes prior to ...