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The Affordable Care Act prohibited insurers from denying or limiting cover­age for children under the age of 19 in 2010. In response, some insurers ceased to offer coverage to children in need of individual health insurance, known as a "child-only" pol­icy. This issue brief examines new state legislative and regulatory action to promote the availability of child-only policies in response to thi...

This paper develops and tests a theory of insurers' choice of the mix of equity and liabilities. The role of equity in insurance markets (and in our model) is to back insurers' promises to pay claims when there is aggregate uncertainty, or dependence among risks. Depending on the nature of this aggregate uncertainty, the equity held by rms in a competitive insurance market may increase with ris...

The Affordable Care Act includes numerous consumer protections that took effect on September 23, 2010. This issue brief examines new state action on a subset of these "early market reforms." The analysis finds that 49 states and the District of Columbia have passed new legislation, issued a new regulation, issued new subregulatory guidance, or are actively reviewing insurer policy forms for com...

abstract        background and objective: staphylococcus aureus is the most common and important infectious agent. this bacterium can enter the bloodstream and cause some complications in the intensive care unit (icu).this organism can frequently be found in the nose and transmitted by the carriers. this study aimed to determine the efficiency of eradicating s. aureus from the nose of icu perso...

scid is a lethal genetic autosomal recessive disorder that has been observed in humans, dogs, mice, and horses. affected animals are incapable of generating specific antigens for immune responses needed to protect them from infectious diseases. the frequency of affected recessive allele varies in different regions so that the outcome of normal breeding with carriers of recessive alleles is diff...

background: it is estimated that about 370 million people are chronic carriers of hbv worldwide. apparently 3% of iranian populations are chronic carriers of this virus. we aimed to evaluate the viral dna in biological fluids of chronic hepatitis patients compared to a control group. methods: the current case-control study was designed to evaluate the viral dna in biological fluids of 70 chroni...

As the incidence of liver disease in hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) carriers has not been defined and it has been postulated that continuing liver disease is associated with incompetence of the cell-mediated immune system, a prospective study was undertaken to examine both these points. An increased incidence of HAA carriers was found in a prison population (1.3 %). Eighteen of these subjec...