λ-Carrageenan is a seaweed polysaccharide which has been generally used as proinflammatory agent in the basic research, however, how the immunomodulating activity of λ-carrageenan affects tumor microenvironment remains unknown. In this study, we found that intratumoral injection of λ-carrageenan could inhibit tumor growth in B16-F10 and 4T1 bearing mice and enhance tumor immune response by incr...

A green sonochemical method was developed for preparing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in different concentrations of kappa carrageenan (κ-carrageenan). The κ-carrageenan was used as a natural eco-friendly stabilizer, and ultrasonic irradiation was used as a green reducing agent. The number of Ag-NPs increased with increasing κ-carrageenan concentrations. Formation of Ag/κ-carrageenan was determ...

Carrageenan is a high molecular weight sulfated polygalactan used to improve the texture of commercial food products. Its use increased markedly during the last half century, although carrageenan is known to induce inflammation in rheumatological models and in intestinal models of colitis. We performed studies to determine its direct effects on human intestinal cells, including normal human int...

Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora kappa-carrageenase is a glycoside hydrolase involved in the bioconversion of carrageenans. Carrageenans are sulfated galactans that are densely packed in red algal cell walls. Previous crystallographic investigations revealed that the active site of kappa-carrageenase has a tunnel-shaped topology, suggesting a processive mode of action for this enzyme. To bioche...

We quantify the hydrodynamic screening length (n) in j-carrageenan solutions by observing restrictions on the diffusion of several pullulan probes, each with a different molecular weight (Mw). The diffusion coefficient of pullulan in a pure solvent (Dpull,0) and a j-carrageenan solution (Dpull) were measured using a pulsed field gradient stimulated spin-echo 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The h...

The aim of this study was to test antinociceptive properties of venlafaxine in rats with carrageenan-induced pain and inflammation. Pain was provoked with carrageenan (1%) injection into the plantar surface of the rat paw-pad. The effect of venlafaxine on carrageenan-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, mechanical stimulation response (the von Frey monofilament test) as well as the size of carr...

BACKGROUND Spinal serotonin (5-HT) receptors 3 (5-HT3R) and 7 (5-HT7R) are differentially involved in facilitatory or inhibitory descending modulation, respectively. Electrophysiological studies of the spinal cord have demonstrated that 5-HT3R is involved in nociception induced by intraplantar injection of formalin, but not carrageenan. In addition, depletion of spinal serotonin has been shown ...

BACKGROUND Carrageenan is a traditional ingredient that has been widely used in the food industry. In the present study, we propose a hypothesis that carrageenan is a conditional inflammatory agent. When the intestinal tract is in an "unhealthy" state such as that during bacterial infection or acute inflammation, carrageenan can synergistically enhance the inflammatory response. METHODS BALB/...

anti-inflammatory activity has been reported for a few of antidepressant drugs and in contrary sertraline has potentiated inflammation. in this study, anti-inflammatory effect of a collection of antidepressant drugs belonging to different classes was evaluated to help a rational selection of these drugs in disease conditions such as association of depression or anxiety with inflammatory disease...