background: anecdotal information has suggested that sodium benzoate is used with more than permissible doses during production steps of food products especially pickles and pickled cucumbers in food producing factories in markazi province and other food producing factories . the present study was done to evaluate factual concentration of sodium benzoate in these products. methods: in this stud...

This paper aims to develop a multi-objective model for scheduling cargo trains faced by the costs of tardiness and earliness, time limitations, queue priority and limited station lines. Based upon the Islamic Republic of Iran Railway Corporation (IRIRC) regulations, passenger trains enjoy priority over other trains for departure. Therefore, the timetable of cargo trains must be determined based...

Side eeects in imperative programming languages are ubiquitous, which makes it dii-cult to reason about programs in other than operational terms. Functional programming languages, on the other hand, claim the advantage that equational logics are suucient for reasoning, but at the that often useful eeects, such as interactive input, exceptions, and explicit updates of state cannot be accommodate...