OBJECTIVE In the 1990s, sequential atrio-ventricular pacing demonstrated haemodynamic benefit relative to right ventricular pacing in patients with sinus rhythm requiring pacing post cardiopulmonary bypass. The benefit of biventricular pacing has been demonstrated in non-surgical patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. It was hypothesised that left ventricular pacing would increase c...

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INTRODUCTION The respiratory variation in pulse pressure (PP) has been established as a dynamic variable of cardiac preload which indicates fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients. The impact of acute changes in cardiac performance on respiratory fluctuations in PP has not been evaluated until now. We used cardiac resynchronization therapy as a model to assess the acute effects...

2343 For >50 years, bradycardic patients have enjoyed the benefits of cardiac pacing, a therapy that can improve and, in some instances, prolong their lives. Although initially this unique electric therapy aimed just to maintain an acceptable cardiac output that would support life, contemporary pacemakers mimic the function of the native conduction system of the heart ever more closely while el...

Resting left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated in 22 patients with permanent ventricular pacemakers. LV ejection fraction and volume indexes were determined by gated blood pool scintigraphy at ventricular pacing rates of 50-100 beats/min. In patients with a normal heart size, increases in pacing rates resulted in significant linear decreases in stroke volume index and ejection fraction. H...

Electrical stimulation is currently the gold standard for cardiac pacing. However, it is invasive and nonspecific for cardiac tissues. We recently developed a noninvasive cardiac pacing technique using optogenetic tools, which are widely used in neuroscience. Optogenetic pacing of the heart provides high spatial and temporal precisions, is specific for cardiac tissues, avoids artifacts associat...

There are occasions when atrial pacing can be usefully employed both diagnostically and therapeutically. Diagnostically, atrial pacing provides mechanisms for easily, safely, and reproducibly stressing the heart that can help in the evaluation of patients with a variety of cardiac disorders. It is particularly useful in the assessment of patients with coronary disease. Therapeutically, atrial p...

BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of the ventricles via right ventricular apical pacing deteriorates cardiac function, which may explain the increased mortality of patients with congestive heart failure receiving permanent pacemakers. We hypothesized that pacing at alternative sites may cause less detrimental effects on the cardiac function. METHODS Five symptomatic patients with either advanced...

Cardiac pacing from the right ventricular apex is the most common site of cardiac pacing. During the last decade, several studies demonstrated the harmful effects of the iatrogenic left bundle branch block, which is observed in cardiac pacing from the right ventricular apex. These observations led to an interest in alternative right ventricular pacing sites aiming to achieve a more "physiologic...