The International Agency for Research on Cancer has recently reassessed the carcinogenicity of the biological agents classified as 'carcinogenic to humans'. Among the biological agents having a direct role in carcinogenesis, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus and human papillomavirus contribute to a variety of malignancies worldwide in humans including nasopharyngeal c...

Carcinogenic agents can influence the carcinogenic process either by mutating critical target genes or by increasing the number of cells at risk for mutations. Cytogenetic and molecular studies of asbestos-related cancers indicate that inactivation or loss of multiple tumor suppressor genes occurs during lung cancer development. Aneuploidy and other chromosomal changes induced by asbestos fiber...

Databases The following databases and respective searches were used. • Medline/PubMed: (Sweetening Agents/adverse effects OR Saccharin OR Cyclamate* OR Aspartame OR Acetosulfame OR Acesulfame) AND (Risk Factors OR Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Neoplasm* OR Carcinoma OR Cancer OR Carcinogenic) AND (Etiology/Broad[filter] OR Prognosis/Broad[filter] OR Comparative study OR Comparative studies). • Emb...

The idea of using animals as sentinels of environmental contaminations is not new, but until now is relatively little explored. The aim of this talk is to present evidences that lymphomas in dogs of the city of São Paulo may be associated to exposure to air pollution caused by vehicle emissions and heavy traffic, and that the spatial distribution of canine lymphomas in the city of São Paulo coi...

In considering the explanation of the recognized influence of the solvent upon the carcinogenic effectiveness of a dissolved carcinogen we have focussed our attention upon the physical factors which affect the availability of the carcinogen to the tissues in situ. An attempted formulation (see Discussion) of a possible mechanism of transfer from the solvent to the nearby affected tissue suggest...

As the rcsults of pul~lishcd investigations on concurrent application of carcinogenic agents and irradiation with ultraviolet, visible and infrared light (2, 6-8, 10-19) differ considerably, wc have found it of in?.crcst to investigate the activity of different carcinogenic hydrocarbons after ultraviolet irradiation. Cook and Martin (~), Dufraisse and Gerard (9) and Vel|uz (20) have shown that ...

A large number of carcinogens and the wide spectrum of their actions may indicate their ability to trigger a common, general mechanism inside the normal biological program of somatic cells, which can lead to the development of the carcinogenic transformation of the normal cell. Numerous carcinogenic substances and factors of different natures probably can signify that these carcinogens must sta...