xv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Problem Statement 1 1.2 Objectives of the Research 4 1.3 Project Overview 5 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.

BACKGROUND Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often relate symptoms to the intake of certain foods. This study assesses differences in diet in subjects with and without IBS. METHODS The cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in Norway in 2001. Out of 11078 invited subjects, 4621 completed a survey about abdominal complaints and intake of common food items. IBS and IBS...

BACKGROUND Consumption of caffeinated beverages such as coffee and tea has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Paradoxically, short-term metabolic studies have shown that caffeine impairs postprandial glycemic control. OBJECTIVE The objective was to prospectively examine the association of caffeinated compared with caffeine-free beverages, including coffee, tea, sugar-...

OBJECTIVE To determine the possible association between carbonated beverage consumption and bone fractures among teenaged girls given the awareness of the concern about the impact of carbonated beverage consumption on children's health. SETTING An urban high school. METHODS A cross-sectional (retrospective) study. Four hundred sixty 9th- and 10th-grade girls attending the high school partic...

In this paper, we propose a simple method for simulating the generation, growth and motion of bubbles in carbonated water. Bubbles are known to be generated at small air pockets on the surfaces of objects, such as a glass or a stirrer, and on the microscopic dusts in carbonated water. The number of bubbles and their growth rates differ according to the materials of the objects. In addition, the...

In contrast to extensive studies on hydroxyapatite thin films, very little has been reported on the thin films of carbonated apatite (dahllite). In this report, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a highly crystalline dahllite thin film assembled via a biomimetic pathway. A free-standing continuous precursor film of carbonated calcium phosphate in an amorphous phase was first prep...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The consumption of unhealthy snack and beverages can lead to childhood obesity, which has become a major concern globally. Television food advertisements may influence children's snack and beverages preferences. This article aims to explore children's snack and beverage consumption habits; examine the extent of television advertising for non-core (energy-dense, nutrien...

Introduction: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contain significant amounts of free sugars. SSBs consumption is strongly associated with overweight/obesity, dental caries, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and other illnesses. The aim this work was to evaluate the content sugars in Argentinian SSBs. Methods: fructose, glucose sucrose concentrations were measured 53 samples from c...