eart pressure problems are encountered in retaining walls, bulkheads, sheeting and bracing in cuts,culverts, tunnels, and cofferdams. in many cases, the lateral pressure is determined by use of classical earth pressure theories, such as coulomb's, where the equilibrium conditions of a failure wedge of soil is considered. excessive dynamic lateral earth pressure on retaining structures resu...

In recent years, various studies have been undertaken on how to use waste materials in civil engineering projects. Among waste materials, waste rubber has been highlighted to be used for different purposes such as reinforcing of soil and making of reinforced slopes. To investigate the properties of granulated rubber-soil mixture and its application in making of slopes behind retaining walls, so...

U-shape steel sheet piles are widely used in deep and large excavation engineering due to their excellent soil-retaining water-stopping performances. To achieve deformation control excavations, an experimental investigation on the characteristics of a strutted pile flexible retaining structure was conducted. Single-layer double-layer indoor model tests sand, where were formed by 3D printing, su...

calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. the upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. in this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...

Optimum the cantilever retaining wall design for different soils and dynamic earthquake effects is presented here. In investigation of optimum design-based metaheuristic, harmony search algorithm was considered cases which include five soil two characteristics. Earthquake characteristics mild severe were obtained regarding locations selected from Turkey Risk Map. For local classes, map spectral...