Twenty-seven species of arthropods were collected from 105 wild mammals, six wolves Canis lupus (Linnaeus, 1758) included. A total of 87 animals (82.8%) harboured some ectoparasites. Ticks were found in 60% of the samples, fleas in 51.4%, chewing-lice in 3.8%, and others (Mesostigmata and hippoboscids) in 3.8%. Moreover, 42.5% were single infestation and 57.5% mixed. Some of the species were ne...

Background & Objectives: Chronicity of lupus nephritis (LN) should be considered for interaction of cell mediated immunity (CMI) and dendritic cells in glomeruli and tubulointerstitial areas. In this study establishment of immunohistopathological changes of dendritic cells and other immune effector cells in lupus nephritis comparing with non-lupus nephritis was performed. Materials & Methods: ...

background: few investigations have focused on the patients with lupus nephritis (ln) and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (npsle). this study was aimed to investigate the clinical features, mortality, and the predictors for mortality of this group of patients. patients and methods: medical records were retrospectively reviewed in sun yat-sen memorial hospital from 1996 to 2012. da...

thymoma is a term that should be restricted to neoplasms of thymic epithelial cells, irrespective of the presence or the number of lymphocytes. the usual location of thymoma is the antrosuperior mediastinum; however, this tumor can also occur in other mediastinal compartments, in the neck, within the thyroid gland, in the pericardial cavity, the pulmonary hilum, within the lung parenchyma, or t...

objective(s)lupus nephritis (ln) is frequently associated with a poor long-term prognosis. renal biopsy is the diagnostic method of choice in this condition. urine biomarkers have been mentioned in the diagnosis of ln. the study,s purpose was to evaluate the performance of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(umcp-1) as a biomarker of renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.mate...

Quantity discrimination has been studied extensively in different non-human animal species. In the current study, we tested 11 hand-raised wolves (Canis lupus) in a two-way choice task. We placed a number of food items (one to four) sequentially into two opaque cans and asked the wolves to choose the larger amount. Moreover, we conducted two additional control conditions to rule out non-numeric...