The existence of a fat-soluble dietary factor essential for guinea pig nutrition was well established through investigations by Wulzen and Bahrs (l-3) and has been confirmed by Anderson and Caldwell.’ The isolation of a highly active fraction from raw cream, capable of alleviating an induced stiffness in guinea pigs, was described by van Wagtendonk and Wulzen (4). It seems apparent from physiol...

Conductivity-based vacuum pan controllers dominate the Australian sugar industry. A new scheme, based on Brix control of the massecuite and mother molasses is proposed. Multi-loop control of the process is demonstrated, whereby the massecuite Brix is controlled by manipulating the liquor/A molasses feed rate to the pan and the mother molasses Brix is controlled by manipulating the steam flow ra...

Background The NYD medium (glucose, meat extract, yeast extract and peptone) is used for biomass production of some bacteria species that promote plant species growth [1-3]. The main carbon source present in this medium is the glucose that contributes a percentage of 25% to the medium price. An alternative to obtain a more accessible price for the medium is to replace the glucose by sources of ...

Sugar cane plantations have been expanding over a large area of the world for many centuries. During that time, sugar and several types of liquor, particularly rum, have been manufactured in huge quantities. In Brazil, about 300 million L of aguardente de cana are produced annually (Anon., 1953) by distilling fermented cane juice. Although the natural yeast flora of sugar cane juice may contrib...

Laboratory, digestion and growth studies were used to evaluate energy and protein supplements for ammoniated (4% of the forage DM) stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis) hay. Ammoniation increased (P less than .05) total N concentration (.7 to .9% vs 1.7 to 2.0%) and in vitro digestion of OM, NDF and ADF and reduced (P less than .05) NDF concentration of stargrass hay. Two d...

background l-tryptophan is an important ingredient in medicines, especially in neuromedicines such as antidepressants. many commercial processes employ various microorganisms with high tryptophan synthase activity to produce l-tryptophan from indole and l-serine, but these processes are very costly due to the costs of precursors, especially l-serine. objectives for this reason, we studied the a...

During the mid 1990s a potentially serious, chronic syndrome was reported in well-managed beef and dairy herds from unrelated parts of South Africa. Farmers reported that it manifested as various combinations of decreased production, decreased weaning masses, apparent immune breakdown in previously immunocompetent animals, increased reproductive disorders, various mineral imbalances in non-defi...

The South African sugar industry can be regarded as mainly a diffusion industry with 76% of all cane now handled by diffusers. With the conversion from milling to diffusion, concerns were expressed that higher temperatures, imbibition levels and improved extraction in itselfwould result in various processing difficulties. Among these were expected clarification problems associated with the extr...