Brachytherapy treatment is primarily used for the certain handling kinds of cancerous tumors. Using radionuclides study tumors has been studied a very long time, but introduction mathematical models or radiobiological made planning easy. helps to compute survival probabilities irradiated tissues and cancer cells. With expansion using HDR-High dose rate LDR-low cancer, it requires fractionated d...

Increasing interest is being shown in the use of microprocessor for protection, switching and data acquisition required in modern high voltage substations. One of the most difficult functions to fulfill is that of transmission line distance protection employing samples of the voltage and current waveform taken from high voltage transducer equipment at the usual relaying point. This paper examin...

in descriptive statistics, there are two computational algorithms for determining the variance s2, of a set of observations : algorithm 1: s2= - , algorithm 2: s2= , where . it is interesting to discuss, which of the above formulas is numerically more trustworthy in machine numbers sets. i this paper, based on total effect of rounding error, we prove that the second algorithm is better than ...

among the usual interpolation methods, kriging and co-kriging are frequently used in the interpolation of precipitation data as one the best linear unbiased estimators, despite these advantages, there models show smoothness representation and because they are based on regional averages of the data, they predict maximum and minimum values   lower and higher than real values respectively. therefo...

introduction radiotherapy with small fields is used widely in newly developed techniques. additionally, dose calculation accuracy of treatment planning systems in small fields plays a crucial role in treatment outcome. in the present study, dose calculation accuracy of two commercial treatment planning systems was evaluated against monte carlo method. materials and methods siemens once or linea...