There is increasing concern about chemical pollutants that are able to mimic hormones, the so-called endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), because of their structural similarity to endogenous hormones, their ability to interact with hormone transport proteins or because of their potential to disrupt hormone metabolic pathways. Thus, the effects of endogenous hormones can be mimicked or, in som...

In the last few decades, there is substantial evidence that male reproductive function is deteriorating in humans and wildlife and this is associated with unintentional exposure to widely used synthetic chemicals. Subsequently, much has been done to show that certain chemicals in the environment adversely interfere with the developing fetal gonads of the laboratory animals. Some in vitro studie...

background alkylphenol polyethoxylates (apneos) and their metabolites disposal from sewage treatment plants (stp) are of particular concern due to their persistence, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and a potential endocrine disruptor. in this work, we focused on the determination of nonylphenol (np) and nonylphenol polyethoxylate (npneos) in water were collected from karun river. material and me...

Introduction: Micro pollutants have become one of the most important environmental concerns around the world. These natural and synthetic compounds have been called Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) due to their interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system in humans and animals. They include natural and synthetic hormones and their metabolites, surfactant, insecticide, as well...

Bisphenol-A (BPA), 17?-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and 4-nonylphenol (4NP) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that useful models for studying the potential fate transport of EDCs in soil water environments. Two alluvial soils with contrasting physicochemical properties were used as adsorbents this study. The Zook material had more organic matter clay than sandy loam Hanlon material. Batch eq...

BACKGROUND A core assumption of current toxicologic procedures used to establish health standards for chemical exposures is that testing the safety of chemicals at high doses can be used to predict the effects of low-dose exposures, such as those common in the general population. This assumption is based on the precept that "the dose makes the poison": higher doses will cause greater effects. ...