IMPORTANCE Neurologically intact survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been increasing in Japan. However, associations between increased prehospital care, including bystander interventions and increases in survival, have not been well estimated. OBJECTIVE To estimate the associations between bystander interventions and changes in neurologically intact survival among patient...

OBJECTIVE Although socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to multiple health outcomes, there have been few studies of the effect of SES on the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during cardiac arrest events and no studies that we know of on the effect of SES on the provision of dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR. This study sought to define the relationship between SE...

AIM To describe possible factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival among patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS A national survey in Sweden among patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in whom resuscitative efforts were attempted. Sixty per cent of ambulance organizations were included. DESIGN Prospective evalu...

The radiation-induced bystander effect is defined as "the induction of biological effects in cells that are not directly traversed by a charged particle but are in close proximity to cells that are." Although these bystander effects have been demonstrated with a variety of biological endpoints in both human and rodent cell lines (as well as in 3D tissue samples), the mechanism of the phenomenon...

The induction of bystander suppression, whereby the response against one Ag is suppressed when it is presented in the context of an Ag to which tolerance is already established, would be an important property of oral tolerance, because it would allow treatment of autoimmune and hypersensitivity responses where the initiating Ag is not known. Although bystander suppression has been described in ...

Objective: To address acknowledged limitations in the effectiveness of sexual and relationship abuse prevention strategies, practitioners have developed new tools that use a bystander framework (Lonsway et al, 2009). Evaluation of bystander-focused prevention requires measures, specific to the bystander approach that assess changes over time in participants’ attitudes and behaviors. Few measure...

This annotated bibliography provides advocates and preventionists research on the efficacy of bystander intervention in preventing sexual violence, and provides information on various bystander programs. Some of the articles included are not specific to sexual violence but help shed light on bystander behavior that can be applied to work in sexual violence prevention. The bibliography features ...

In this work, we studied alpha-particle induced and medium-mediated bystander effects in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells through micronucleus (MN) assay. We showed that signal transduction from irradiated cells to bystander cells occur within a short time after irradiation. We then studied the effects of ROS (reactive oxygen species)-scavenging catechins in the medium before irradiation. We o...

The ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)-expressing cells incubated with ganciclovir (GCV) to induce cytotoxicity in neighboring HSV-TK-negative (bystander) cells has been well documented. Although it has been suggested that this bystander cell killing occurs through the transfer of phosphorylated GCV, there is little direct proof that bystander cells can accumulate ...

BACKGROUND Radiation induced bystander effects are an important component of the overall response of cells to irradiation and are associated with human health risks. The mechanism responsible includes intra-cellular and inter-cellular signaling by which the bystander response is propagated. However, details of the signaling mechanism are not well defined. METHODS We measured the bystander res...