One of the topics after two decades of applying import substitution policy in Iran manufacturing sector is the importance of industrial export expansion and foreign relations. The main impetus to this policy transfer is the market expansion and potential gains of exploiting the economies of scale and technical upgrades. Based on this argument this research estimates the efficient scale and gain...

This paper examines the causal relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic aggregates in Iran, by applying the techniques of the long–run Granger non–causality test proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). We test the causal relationships between the TEPIX Index and the three macroeconomic variables: money supply, value of trade balance, and industrial production using quarterly data for t...

An orientation experiment was carried out in a spatially immersive virtual environment. The task of subjects was to navigate with 6 degrees of freedom flying method through a predefined route guided by visual cues. Simultaneously they should keep the model oriented in upright position as well as possible. In the experiment we had three different implementations of auditory artificial horizon, a...

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of several indices of market structure including entry to barrier, economies of scale and concentration degree on 140 active industries using the digit. Accordingly, we apply three methods including cost disadvantages ratio ( ), Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration index ( ) and Comanor and Willson criterion in order to assess the economies of scale and usin...

Although the unemployment rate is traditionally used to diagnose current state of labor market, this indicator does not reflect existence asymmetries, mobility costs, and rigidities which impede freely flow over business cycle. Thus, get a better portrait momentum, we construct Labor Market Indicator (LMI) focusing on cyclical similarities eighteen time series from Colombian household, industri...