some children of borazjan area have minute white flecks, yellow or brown spot areas scattered irregularly over the tooth surface, the causative factor was attributed to excess of fluoride in water. to verify this matter short chemical examination of water samples from endemic area was carried out. the results of water analysis by colorimetric method, using zirconium a1izarin reagent after disti...

Psilorhynchus kaladanensis, a new psilorhynchid, is described from the Kaladan basin of Mizoram, India. The new species is diagnosed by having the following combination of characters: caudal fin with small but distinct dark brown triangular spot at mid-base, slightly elongated dark mark near base of lower lobe, indistinct V-shaped vertical bar across center, dark brown oblique bar across fin an...

A 47-year-old Japanese woman presented with a 3month history of a black spot on a brown nodule. She had noticed a small nodule on her right arm during childhood. She noticed a black spot at the centre of the lesion after scratching, and therefore visited our department for evaluation of the lesion. On physical examination, a 2-mm diameter black spot was observed in the centre of a 4-mm diameter...

It is well documented that slag-based silicon fertilizers have beneficial effects on the growth and disease resistance of rice. However, their effects vary greatly with sources of slag and are closely related to availability of silicon (Si) in these materials. To date, few researches have been done to compare the differences in plant performance and disease resistance between different slag-bas...

Browning disorder, which usually occurs post-harvest in pears subjected to long-term storage, can cause browning of the pear flesh and/or core. In 2011, investigators in China found a novel type of brown spot (designated as surface brown spot, SBS) in pre-harvest 'Dangshansuli' pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). SBS has a large impact on the exterior quality of the pears. Interestingly, the br...