an attempt was made to develop a method for sizing stable riprap around bridge piers based on a huge amount of experimental data, which is available in the literature. all available experimental data for circular as well as round-nose-and-tail rectangular piers were collected. the data for rectangular piers, with different aspect ratios, aligned with the flow or skewed at different angles to th...

To investigate their adequacy as energy dissipating elements during earthquakes, this paper reports on cyclic inelastic tests executed to determine the maximum strength and ductility of four concrete-filled circular steel piers joined to a foundation detail proposed to develop the full composite strength at the base of these columns. Column diameters considered were 324 and 406 mm, with D/t rat...

Irregularities in bridge pier stiffness concentrate the ductility demand on short piers; while not operating on the longer and more flexible ones. The existence of non-uniform, ductility demand distribution in bridges significantly influences seismic response. As such, this paper proposes a new approach for balancing the ductility demand in irregular bridges by utilizing shape memory alloys (SM...

Shake table testing of a 1/5 scale model of a slender bridge steel truss pier that uses a controlled rocking approach as a means of seismic protection was conducted. The controlled rocking approach allows the pier to uplift from its base while passive energy dissipation devices steel yielding devices or fluid viscous dampers are implemented across the uplifting location to control the response....

scour around hydraulic structures is an inevitable phenomenon . recognition of this phenomenon and dealing with it is an issue considering which will ensure the project success . local scour at piers has been reported as the most important factor in the destruction of the bridges . the use of submerged and non-submerged piles is one of the scour control methods . submerged piles have been rarel...

scouring is the removal of sediment particles resulted from variations of flow pattern. local scour is considered among the reasons of instability and ultimately failure of bridges. during the past decades, different methods were proposed against local scour at bridge piers. these methods can be broadly classified into two categories: flow-altering and bed-armoring methods. each method can be c...

In a biotechnical streambank stabilization project, researchers visited and assessed 22 bridge and stream crossings in east half f Texas of the United States. Researchers rarely observed streams in dynamic equilibrium if bridge structures severely interfered ith the streams. Numerous streambank failures were observed and documented. A primary problem noted was the treatment of he edge between t...

Bridges are essential structures that connect riverbanks and facilitate transportation. However, bridge piers abutments can disrupt the natural flow of rivers, causing a rise in water levels upstream bridge. The levels, known as backwater or afflux, threaten stability service bridges riverbanks. It is postulated applications estimation models with more precise afflux predictions enhance safety ...