We describe a compelling motion illusion elicited by a huge billboard placed along a street, depicting a building that contains strong perspective cues. When observers move fast along the opposite sidewalk, they perceive the depicted building as rotating in their direction of travel. This is a special case of the 'following', or 'pointing out of the picture', illusion that elicits a strong illu...

The processing of coal waste into building materials from fly ash bottom has been stipulated in Regulation number 22 2021 as Non-Hazardous material, with a note that the management requirements must still meet standards and technical set out listed environmental document approval. Previous studiesstated one physical characteristics use this (fly ash) can be improving quality construction qualit...

A brick is a 3-connected graph such that the graph obtained from it by deleting any two distinct vertices has a perfect matching. A brick is minimal if for every edge e the deletion of e results in a graph that is not a brick. We prove a generation theorem for minimal bricks and two corollaries: (1) for n ≥ 5, every minimal brick on 2n vertices has at most 5n − 7 edges, and (2) every minimal br...

In this paper, we present the development of an algorithm for sidewalk following for a mobile robot. The algorithm classifies pixels of a video frame as either sidewalk or background. The classification of pixels is performed using color histograms of the hue and saturation of various areas of an image taken by an on-board camera. This color histogram approach allows the algorithm to detect and...

Traffic safety and pedestrian friendliness are considered to be important conditions for older people’s motivation to walk through their environment. This study uses an experimental study design with computer-simulated living environments to investigate the effect of micro-scale environmental factors (parking spaces and green verges with trees) on older people’s perceptions of both motivational...

According to the masonry standard the compressive strength is basically dependent on factors such as the mortar strength and the relative values of unit and mortar strength. However interlocking brick has none or less use of mortar. Therefore there is a need to investigate the behavior of masonry walls using interlocking bricks. In this study a series of tests have been conducted; physical prop...

In the Refractories world three decades ago, very few people were acquainted to silica fume and its usage. After a few years, it was used as an additive to brick. When added to high Alumina brick, mullite was formed in the matrix of the brick on firing, giving the brick good volume stability, strength and chemical resistance. When used in basic brick, high hot strengths resulted, at least at 27...

This study aims to evaluate economic and environmental benefits of porous pavement surface using life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA). The research will focus on application of porous surface for sidewalk. The life-cycle inventory data were collected from literature search, online database, and project records. The comparison study was conducted between pervious pavin...