helped individuals within the apartheid system to bring about change within their organizations as well as raising the awareness of the inequities of the apartheid system overseas. The National Medical and Dental Association was formed in 1982 by 1000 progressive doctors in South Africa and represents an alternative to the establishment Medical Association of South Africa. These progressive doc...

Breast self-examination (BSE) continues to be widely promoted by Government agencies and medical practitioners in Europe and the United States. Point 10 of the European Code Against Cancer exhorts women to 'examine their breasts regularly'. Breast lumps are common and most women will detect a breast abnormality at some time in their life, irrespective of the promotion of BSE by the medical prof...

The terms 'breast self-examination' and 'breast awareness' are often used loosely, causing general confusion, with potential to cause women harm. To explore this confusion, we begin by defining their current meaning. We trace the history of these methods of early detection over the last half century, which has seen considerable cultural, social and attitudinal changes. Breast self-examination i...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of various training methods for breast self-examination (BSE) knowledge, practice, and health beliefs. METHODS The quasi-experimental investigation was carried out in an area where two community health care centers are located, in the city of Trabzon, Turkey. Divided randomly into three groups, 1,342 women were instructed in ...

Background: Improvement of attitudes toward breast cancer positively affects the screening behaviors of women. Imagery has been shown to have a positive impact on the screening behaviors of women. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of breast cancer screening training based on the systematic comprehensive health education and promotion (SHEP) model on the attitudes and breast self-...

BACKGROUND Young breast cancer patients have a lower rate of survival than old breast cancer patients due to being diagnosed at advanced stages. Breast self-examination makes women more "breast aware", which in turn may lead to an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge and practice of breast self-examination and to determine knowledge of risk ...

BACKGROUND In most resource constrained settings like Nigeria, breast self-examination self-breast examination (BSE) is culturally acceptable, religious friendly and attracts no cost. Women's knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer and its management may contribute significantly to medical help-seeking behaviours. This study aimed to assess knowledge and beliefs of BSE among market women. M...