Intuitively, to break up a big chocolate bar, we need one split to make two pieces, and then we can break up the two pieces recursively. This suggests a proof using strong induction on the size of the chocolate bar, where size is measured in chocolate squares. Now instead of a problem involving two variables (the two dimensions), we have a problem in one variable (the size). With this simplific...

refraction and diffraction combination of waves, is very important and applicable problem in coastal engineering (e.g. for designing break - water). however, formulation of this phenomen and numerical solution is very difficult. in this study, a numerical algorithm based on the mild slop sea bed theory is presented to obtain the appropriate governing equations of combined refraction diffraction...

Interconnected power system networks are multi loop structured. Settings determination of all over current and distance relays in such networks can be in different forms and complicated. The main problem is the determination of starting points i.e. the location of starting relays in the procedure for settings, which is referred to as break points. In this paper, a new approach based on graph th...

Speech is structured into parts by syntactic and prosodic breaks. In locally syntactic ambiguous sentences, the detection of a syntactic break necessarily follows detection of a corresponding prosodic break, making an investigation of the immediate interplay of syntactic and prosodic information impossible when studying sentences in isolation. This problem can be solved, however, by embedding s...

Recent approaches to testing for a unit root when uncertainty exists over the presence and timing of a trend break employ break detection methods, so that a with-break unit root test is used only if a break is detected by some auxiliary statistic. While these methods achieve near asymptotic e ciency in both xed trend break and no trend break environments, in nite samples pronounced \valleys" in...

purpose: to evaluate the underlying causes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rrd) in eyes operated for this reasion. methods: out of 1473 patients who underwent retinal detachment surgery, records of 369 patients were randomly selected and evaluated for the types of retinal breaks, the underlying disorders, and location of breaks. results: fifty-two percents of patients were less than 50 ye...

We model Mandarin phrase break prediction as a classification problem with three level prosodic structures and apply conditional maximum entropy classification to this problem. We acquire multiple levels of linguistic knowledge from an annotated corpus to become well-integrated features for maximum entropy framework. Five kinds of features were used to represent various linguistic constraints i...

The break minimization problem is to find a home-away assignment that minimizes the number of breaks for a given timetable of a round-robin tournament. In a recent paper, Elf, Jünger and Rinaldi conjectured that the break minimization problem is solvable in polynomial time when the optimal value is less than the number of teams. This paper proves their conjecture affirmatively by showing that a...