Two decades of epidemiological research shows that silent cerebrovascular disease is common and is associated with future risk for stroke and dementia. It is the most common incidental finding on brain scans. To summarize evidence on the diagnosis and management of silent cerebrovascular disease to prevent stroke, the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association convened a writing committee...

BACKGROUND Findings of cerebral cortical atrophy, white matter lesions and microhemorrhages have been reported in high-altitude climbers. The aim of this study was to evaluate structural cerebral changes in a large cohort of climbers after an ascent to extreme altitudes and to correlate these findings with the severity of hypoxia and neurological signs during the climb. METHODS Magnetic reson...

Postmortem examinations were made of the brains of six patients, 52-63 years old, who exhibited incidental punctate white matter hyperintensities on MR images before death. Our aim was to unravel the morphologic correlate of such lesions. By repeating the MR study after fixation on four specimens, cutting the brain parallel to the MR imaging plane, and examining whole-hemisphere microscopic sec...

A 52-year-old woman with intellectual disability was admitted to the hospital due to pneumonia. MRI of her brain showed diffuse hyperintensities on T(2)-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images in the bilateral cerebral white matter. Laboratory examination revealed sustained high levels of serum KL-6. Karyotyping revealed partial monosomy of the X chromosome. This is the first ca...

OBJECTIVES Incidental findings in neuroimaging occur in 3% of volunteers. Most data come from young subjects. Data on their occurrence in older subjects and their medical, lifestyle and financial consequences are lacking. We determined the prevalence and medical consequences of incidental findings found in community-dwelling older subjects on brain magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN Prospecti...

BACKGROUND Cerebral small vessel disease (lacunar stroke and cerebral white matter hyperintensities) is caused by vessel abnormalities of unknown aetiology. Retinal vessels show developmental and pathophysiological similarities to cerebral small vessels and microvessel geometry may influence vascular efficiency. HYPOTHESIS Retinal arteriolar branching angles or coefficients (the ratio of the ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (pCJD) is characterized by the extensive involvement of the cerebral white matter as well as the cerebral gray matter. It has been a point of controversy, however, whether the white matter changes represent primary or secondary degeneration. The aim of this study was to elucidate, by using MR images and histologic exa...

CONTEXT A previous cross-sectional study showed an association of migraine with a higher prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured ischemic lesions in the brain. OBJECTIVE To determine whether women or men with migraine (with and without aura) have a higher incidence of brain lesions 9 years after initial MRI, whether migraine frequency was associated with progression of brain l...

The authors examined the association of total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels with measures of atrophy and white matter disease on MRI scans in 36 healthy elderly individuals. Hcy had a significant positive relationship with lateral ventricle-brain ratios in the anterior (r = 0.49) and middle (r = 0.43) ventricular regions as measures of central atrophy, but not with cortical atrophy or white ...