background sall gene family represent a group of evolutionary conserved zinc finger transcription factors which are involved in normal development. it includes four members (sall1 to sall4). sall4 has significant roles in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal, efficient proliferation /stabilization and cell fate decision of embryonic stem cells (escs). our aim in this study was to an...

Introduction: In adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells are isolated from both the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. This study aimed to isolate neural stem cells from adult rat subventricular zone and differentiate them into neurons and astrocytes.  Methods: In this study, the whole brain was removed after full anesthesia and creating cervical dislocation. Under a microscope, subv...

a common pathological process that occurred after brain injury is gliosis. gliosis involves the activation of glial cells to proliferate and become hypertrophic to occupy the injured brain areas. in order to form a defense system against the invasion of micro-organisms and cytotoxins into surrounding tissue, glial cells including astrocytes and microglia undergo reactive response to injury. neu...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite extensive investigations over the past few decades, no effective therapies exist to improve the brain function in patients with TBI. Neural tissue engineering is an attractive therapeutic approach to restore the brain structure and function of damaged tissue. Bioactive motif of Stromal cell-deri...

Introduction Brain trauma is one of the most common causes of hospitalization, disability, and mortality of people aged 15 to 74 years in nowadays societies. On the other hand, nowadays, different categories of stem cells are used to treat different kinds of diseases. BM-MSCs, are center of scientific research because of their high differentiation and proliferation ability. Methods:  Stem cel...

The occurrence of secondary brain stem hemorrhage was studied in 435 autopsies from patients with recent cerebral hemorrhage, infarction or ruptured cerebral aneurysms. The frequency of secondary brain stem hemorrhage was found to be 45% in cerebral hemorrhage, 15% in cerebral infarction, and 36% in ruptured aneurysms. In the majority of cases the secondary brain stem hemorrhage occurred a few ...

Background: In the present study, we hypothesized that conditioned medium (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells attenuates the brain oxidative stress in sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Methods: This study was performed in the Department of Physiology at Tehran University of Medical Sciences from August 2018 to April 2019. Conditioned medium was collected from ...

Brain stem is the most vital part of our body and is a transitional region of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. Though, being small in size, it is full of indispensible functions such as the breathing, heart beat. Injury to the brain stem has similar effects as a brain injury, but it is more fatal. Use of the Glasgow Coma Score as a prognostic indicator of outcome in pa...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is described as a situation in which the brain is damaged by an external force. It is considered to be a chief problem in health care. Pharmacotherapy and stem cell therapy are the main treatments used in TBI. The purpose of these procedures is to control the inflammation in injured regions of brain. Currently, there is no effective care for TBI that could regenerat...

objective: transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) can promote functional recovery of the brain after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (hibd). however, the mechanism regulating msc migration to a hypoxic-ischemic lesion is poorly understood. interaction between stromal cell-derived factor-1α (sdf-1α) and its cognate receptor cxc chemokine receptor 4 (cxcr4) is crucial for homing and migra...