BACKGROUND Brain metastasis is a major complication of breast cancer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of age and biological subtype on the risk and timing of brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast by determining estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 status. Time to brain metastasis a...

Brain metastasis is a significant unmet clinical problem in breast cancer treatment. It is always associated with poor prognosis and high morbidity. Recently, Slit2/Robo1 pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of breast carcinoma. However, until present, there are no convincing reports that suggest whether the Slit2/Robo1 axis has any role in brain metastasis of breast ...

Background: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a novel type of biomarker with broad utility in diagnostic medicine, based on the release fragments from dying cells to circulation. We developed an approach for identifying tissue origins cfDNA, using cell-type-specific methylation patterns, massive reference atlas genome-wide methylomes multiple human tissues and cell types. Cancer inflicts dam...

INTRODUCTION Brain metastasis is common in relapsed neuroblastoma patients, but the characteristics of brain metastasis remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the status of brain metastasis with neuroblastoma in South China. METHODS In this retrospective case-based study, 106 patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma from the Department of Pediatric Oncology in Sun Yat-sen Universi...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate the impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on incidence of brain metastasis (brain metastasis) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). METHODS All patients who presented with mRCC but no brain metastasis in the intervals 2002 to 2003 and 2006 to 2007 were identified using the institutional tumor regist...

Introduction: Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the upper urinary tract constitute only 7% of urothelial carcinomas. The majority of upper urinary tract TCC arises from the renal pelvis, followed by the ureter. The majority of the patients are presented with microscopic or macroscopic haematuria, flank pain, or symptoms due to metastasis; however, it can be asymptomatic in 10-15%. Case pre...

Introduction: Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the upper urinary tract constitute only 7% of urothelial carcinomas. The majority of upper urinary tract TCC arises from the renal pelvis, followed by the ureter. The majority of the patients are presented with microscopic or macroscopic haematuria, flank pain, or symptoms due to metastasis; however, it can be asymptomatic in 10-15%. Case pre...

Melanoma brain metastasis that develops as the isolated first visceral site challenges the current paradigm of tumor progression in which brain metastasis is regarded as the final stage. Here we test the hypothesis that melanoma patients who develop brain metastasis as the isolated first visceral site have distinct clinicopathological features at the time of primary melanoma diagnosis. Cutaneou...