pervious studies have shown that pentoxifylline (ptx) has beneficial effects in reduction of stroke and brain trauma injuries in experimental animals. however, there is very little and controversial information about the effect of ptx on brain edema in cerebral ischemia. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of ptx on brain edema and neurological motor...

It is well established that the brain can be prepared to resist or tolerate ischemic stroke injury, and mitochondrion is a major target for this tolerance. The preparation of ischemic stroke tolerance can be achieved by three major approaches: ischemic conditioning, hypoxic conditioning and chemical conditioning. In each conditioning approach, there are often two strategies that can be used to ...

In this review article the authors describe a phenomenon of "brain tolerance" which represents transient resistance of brain tissue to a lethal insult established by preconditioning with a mild insult of short duration. Tolerance evoked by brief ischemia resembles transient ischemic attack(s) (TIA) often preceding full-blown ischemic stroke in a clinical setting. A series of recent studies have...

Accumulating experimental evidence strongly supports a role for inflammatory, innate immune and adaptive immune mechanisms in many facets of vascular disease.1 This brief review will highlight recently published insights into inflammation and immune system involvement in stroke biomarker identification, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation, thrombosis, ischemic tolerance, ...

BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects brain against ischemic injury. Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling can induce neuroprotective mediators, but whether astrocytic TLR3 signaling is involved in IPC-induced ischemic tolerance is not known. METHODS IPC was modeled in mice with three brief episodes of bilateral carotid occlusion. In vitro, IPC was modeled ...

how to cite this article: eghbalian f, rasuli b, monsef f. frequency, causes, and findings of brain ct scans of neonatal seizure at besat hospital, hamadan, iran. iran j child neurol. 2015 winter;9(1):56-63. abstract objective neonatal seizures are the most common neurological symptoms and often signal an underlying serious neurologic condition. this study determines the frequency of neonatal s...

Two types of ischemic tolerance in the brain, rapid and delayed, have been reported in terms of the interval between the conditioning and test insults. Although many reports showed that delayed-phase neuroprotection evoked by preconditioning is evident after 1 week or longer, there have been a few investigations about rapidly induced tolerance, and the reported neuroprotective effects become am...

Introduction: Nitric oxide seems to play a dual role in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Few studies have investigated whether it exacerbates or improves brain edema. In the present study, we inhibited the activity of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME and evaluated the cerebral infarct volume, tissue swelling and brain edema, alongside the measurement of blood flow of the ischemic region. Methods...