Introduction: Cytokines production as one of the inflammatory pathways in CNS is responsible for most brain damages following ischemia. On the other hand, during inflammation and brain ischemia, most of the renin- angiotensin components (RAS) increase locally. While it is established that blockade of RAS especially AT1 receptors has a protective effect on ischemia, the interaction of cytokines ...

Dopamine is a well-known neurotransmitter due to its involvement in Parkinson’s disease (PD). not only involved PD but also controls multiple mental and physical activities, such as the pleasure of food, friends loved ones, music, art, mood, cognition, motivation, fear, affective disorders, addiction, attention deficit disorder, depression, schizophrenia. Dopaminergic neurons (DOPAn) are suscep...

Introduction: Brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and so far, there has been no absolute treatment for the damaged brain tissue. Using human stem cells with self-assembling scaffolds can be a promising method for treatment of traumatic brain injury. Materials and Methods: Human meningioma stem cells were isolated, cultured and then expanded into in vitro cond...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one of the major causes of severe disability and death in the entire world that accidents are mentioned as main factors of it. tbi lead to primary and secondary injuries.  primary injuries are created immediately after accidents or bleeding but the secondary injuries are created by complicated process of cellular and molecular responses following primary injury a...