The tension–tension fatigue behavior was investigated for a hybrid composite rod comprised of a unidirectional carbon fiber core and a glass fiber shell. Fatigue tests were performed at three R-ratios and four maximum applied stress levels (MAS) while recording the secant modulus at each cycle, and acoustic emission (AE) sensors were employed to monitor the activation of fatigue mechanisms. Fat...

The mechanical behavior of 3D multi-layered braided composite tubes was analyzed using a multi-scale modelling approach. Considering the braiding parameters and the fiber volume fraction of the composite tubes, firstly a unit-cell of the composites was determined based on the motion of yarn carriers and modeled using TEXGEN software. The unit-cell was imported into finite element software to ca...

Braided bialgebras were defined by mimicking the definition of bialgebras in a braided category; see [Ta]. In this paper we are interested in those braided bialgebras that are connected as a coalgebra, and such that, up to multiplication by a certain scalar, their braiding restricted to the primitive part is a Hecke operator. To every braided bialgebra as above we associate a braided Lie algebr...